[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-84702-en":3,"doc-seo-84702-105":29,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":27,"read_time":28},84702,4398048949847,"Eliana","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/400002536579ef2da7f?_k=1778318612642679267",8,"Research & Report","GII-Polar Codes for Block Fading Channels","Polar codes are proven capacity-achieving codes and are increasingly used in wireless communications, yet successive-cancellation (SC) and SC-list (SCL) decoding can impose significant latency for long codewords. This paper introduces generalized integrated interleaved (GII)-polar codes tailored to block Rayleigh fading channels, reducing decoding latency while maintaining strong decoding performance. Two consecutive polar codewords of length N are coupled through a nested codebook of lower dimension to correct more errors, and interleaves are decoded in parallel.","GII-Polar Codes for Block Fading Channels  \nFangbo Yi†‡, Zhongjun Yang†, Xinzheng He†‡, Li Chen†‡, and Huazi Zhang§† School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China ‡ Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Information Security Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China  \n§ Hangzhou Research Center, Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310052, P. R. China Email: [yifb@mail2.sysu.edu.cn](yifb@mail2.sysu.edu.cn), [yangzhj59@mail2.sysu.edu.cn](yangzhj59@mail2.sysu.edu.cn), [hexzh9@mail2.sysu.edu.cn](hexzh9@mail2.sysu.edu.cn),  \n[chenli55@mail.sysu.edu.cn](chenli55@mail.sysu.edu.cn), [zhanghuazi@huawei.com](zhanghuazi@huawei.com)  \narXiv :2607 .039 19v 1 [ cs .IT] 4 Jul 2026  \nAbstract—Polar codes are proven to be capacity-achieving codes, being gradually practiced in wireless communications. However, their successive cancellation (SC) and successive cancellation list (SCL) decoding incur latency challenge especially for long codes. This paper proposes the generalized integrated interleaved (GII)-polar codes for block Rayleigh fading channels, yielding both reduced decoding latency and competent decoding performance. Under the GII paradigm, two consecutive polar codewords of length N are virtually coupled through a nested codebook which has a lower dimension, capable of correcting more errors. The component polar codes are known as interleaves of a GII-polar code. If decoding of an interleave fails, it can be projected into the decoding of the nested one, enabling richer error patterns to be corrected by each interleave. Since decoding of the interleaves can be performed in parallel, GII-polar codes yield a reduced decoding latency over a single polar code of length 2N. Our simulation results validate both the decoding latency and performance merits of the proposed coding scheme under block Rayleigh fading channel.  \nIndex Terms—Generalized integrated interleaved (GII) structure, Rayleigh fading channel, polar codes.  \nI. INTRODUCTION  \nPOLAR codes, invented by Arıkan [1], are the first coding  \nscheme mathematically proven to achieve the capacity of symmetric binary-input discrete memoryless channels (BDMCs) by the use of successive cancellation (SC) decoding. It was adopted by the 5G communication standard [2] . However, SC decoding suffers from poor performance caused by partially polarized channels especially under short-to-moderate codeword length regimes. To achieve a better performance, the SC list (SCL) decoding [3], [4] and the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) aided SCL (CA-SCL) [5] decoding were proposed. The above mentioned algorithms can significantly enhance the SC decoding performance. However, it requires path expansion and sorting operations during the estimation of each information bit. Therefore, it inevitably leads to the latency challenge, especially under larger codeword length regimes. Another effective methods to improve the polar decoding performance contain the bit-flipping [6]–[8] and the soft information perturbation [9]–[11], but at the cost of increased decoding complexity.  \nRecently, several researches have focused on the application of polar codes over the Rayleigh fading channel (RFC) . In [12], by recursively computing the Bhattacharyya parameter, a reliability evaluation of polarized subchannels was proposed. In [13], a low complexity construction method was introduced.  \nIt functions by approximating and tracking the error probabilities of the polarized subchannels during the polarization. Based on the independent and identically distributed over the RFC, an efficient design rule was proposed for both the polar codes and polar lattices [14] . Subsequently, a systematic polar-spectrum-based framework was proposed in [15], which is used for the design of polar codes over the fast RFC. This framework was further extended to the block RFC (BRFC)  \n[16] . However, the decoding latency challenge remains for transmission over RFC. Meanwhile, fading di","cbCaimIQePReEqtV","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimIQePReEqtV","pdf",4423039,1,7,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## Polar codes and decoding latency\n## Polar codes over Rayleigh fading channels\n## Generalized integrated interleaved (GII) codes\n## Proposed GII-polar code for block fading","[{\"question\":\"What problem does the paper address for polar codes in fading channels?\",\"answer\":\"The paper targets the decoding latency challenge of SC and SCL decoding when polar codes use long codewords, especially in fading scenarios.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the proposed GII-polar code reduce decoding latency?\",\"answer\":\"It decodes multiple interleaves in parallel. The nested-coupling design allows each interleave’s decoding to leverage a lower-dimensional nested code when needed.\"},{\"question\":\"What channel model and performance benefits are reported?\",\"answer\":\"The scheme is validated via simulation over block Rayleigh fading channels, showing improved decoding latency and competent or better decoding performance compared with conventional polar codes.\"}]",1784197737,18,{"code":4,"msg":30,"data":31},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":32,"title":13,"keywords":33,"description":14,"schema_data":34,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":27},"gii-polar-codes-for-block-fading-channels","",{"@graph":35,"@context":85},[36,53,68],{"@type":37,"itemListElement":38},"BreadcrumbList",[39,43,47,50],{"item":40,"name":41,"@type":42,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":44,"name":45,"@type":42,"position":46},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":48,"name":12,"@type":42,"position":49},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":51,"name":13,"@type":42,"position":52},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/gii-polar-codes-for-block-fading-channels/84702/",4,{"url":51,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":40,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-17","2026-07-16",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"What problem does the paper address for polar codes in fading channels?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"The paper targets the decoding latency challenge of SC and SCL decoding when polar codes use long codewords, especially in fading scenarios.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"How does the proposed GII-polar code reduce decoding latency?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"It decodes multiple interleaves in parallel. The nested-coupling design allows each interleave’s decoding to leverage a lower-dimensional nested code when needed.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"What channel model and performance benefits are reported?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"The scheme is validated via simulation over block Rayleigh fading channels, showing improved decoding latency and competent or better decoding performance compared with conventional polar codes.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":51,"og:type":87,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":58,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":89,"canonical":51},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":92},[93,97,101,105,110,115,119,122,127,130,134],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":120,"slug":121},30,"research-report",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":126},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":129},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":131,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":132,"show_sort_weight":131,"slug":133},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":135,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":136,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":137},19,"General","general"]