[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-432066-105":59,"doc-detail-432066-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","giant-hydronephrosis-secondary-to-ureterolithiasis-a-case-report","Giant hydronephrosis secondary to ureterolithiasis - A case report","","Giant hydronephrosis is defined as urine accumulation exceeding 1 L in the renal collecting system, commonly from ureteropelvic junction obstruction due to congenital anomalies or an impacted ureteral calculus. A 55-year-old man developed left-sided giant hydronephrosis caused by obstructive ureterolithiasis. Percutaneous nephrostomy drained 18 L, followed by nephrectomy after confirmation of a nonfunctional kidney, reported for its rarity and diagnostic reminder when evaluating large abdominal masses.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/giant-hydronephrosis-secondary-to-ureterolithiasis-a-case-report/432066/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/giant-hydronephrosis-secondary-to-ureterolithiasis-a-case-report/432066.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Stanford","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How is giant hydronephrosis defined and what causes are most common?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Giant hydronephrosis is defined by urine accumulation over 1000 mL in the renal collecting system. The most common cause is congenital ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction, while chronic ureterolithiasis can also lead to the condition.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What initial treatment was used for the patient and how much fluid was drained?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The patient received emergency percutaneous nephrostomy under local anesthesia. Approximately 18,000 mL of fluid was drained.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Why was nephrectomy performed and what did pathology show?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Nephrectomy was performed after subsequent assessment confirmed absence of renal function on the left side. Pathology showed xanthogranulomatous chronic pyelonephritis with marked stromal fibrosis and no evidence of malignancy.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},432066,1790741088,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":81,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":39,"preview_page_count":4},2336477552062,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","Urology Case Reports 64 (2026) 103313  \nContents lists available at ScienceDirect  \nUrology Case Reports  \njournal [homepage:](homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/eucr)[ www.elsevier.com/locate/eucr](homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/eucr)  \n| Endourology\u003Cbr>Giant hydronephrosis secondary to ureterolithiasis: A case report\u003Cbr>*\u003Cbr>Leonardo Lamego Cardoso , Guilherme Barros de Mattos , Daniel Bianqui Guaraldo , Aline Akel , Paulo Victor de Jesus Silva , D´acio josu´e Souza Dias , Ricardo Miyaoka , Renato Nardi Pedro , Wilmar Azal Neto |  | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Department of Urology, UNICAMP Clinical Hospital, State University of Campinas, Cidade Universita ´ria, Rua Saturnino de Brito, No 45, Campinas, SP, 13083-889, Brazil |  |  |\n| A R T I C L E I N F O\u003Cbr>Keywords:\u003Cbr>Giant hydronephrosis Ureterolithiasis Nephrectomy Obstructive uropathy | A B S T R A C T |  |\n|  | Giant hydronephrosis is defined as the presence of more than 1 L of urine within the renal collecting system, usually resulting from ureteropelvic junction obstruction caused by congenital anomaly or impacted ureteral calculus. We report the case of a 55 years old man who developed left sided giant hydronephrosis secondary to obstructive ureterolithiasis. The patient was initially treated with percutaneous nephrostomy, draining 18 L of urine. After confirmation of non functional kidney, nephrectomy was performed. This case is reported due to its rarity and to remind the urological community to consider this diagnosis in cases of large abdominal masses. |  |\n\n1. Introduction  \nGiant hydronephrosis (GH) is a rare urological condition defined by the presence of more than 1000 mL of fluid within the renal collecting system.1 The most common etiology is congenital ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction, but chronic ureterolithiasis can also lead to this condition.2,3 Clinical presentation is variable and may mimic ascites or abdominal masses. Diagnosis is established through imaging studies, and definitive treatment depends on residual renal function assessed by renal scintigraphy.4,5 (see Figs. 1–5) (Figs. 1–5)  \nThis report presents a remarkable case of GH secondary to chronic ureterolithiasis, with more than 17 L of urine drained, making it the third largest volumes reported in the 21 century. The clinical, radiological, and surgical findings highlight the pathophysiological extremes of neglected lithiasis and the technical challenges of managing such advanced disease.  \n2. Case presentation  \nA 55-year-old man, hypertensive and cirrhotic due to alcoholism, presented with diffuse abdominal pain for three days, constipation, and dark urine. He had experienced two episodes of seizures prior to admission. Physical examination revealed a globular, distended, and non-tender abdomen; hemodynamic status was stable.  \nLaboratory tests showed mild anemia, leukocytosis, and initial  \ncreatinine of 1.05 mg/dL. Urinalysis revealed leukocyturia and hematuria.  \nAbdominal CT scan showed a markedly enlarged left kidney with thinned parenchyma and massive hydronephrosis occupying nearly the entire abdominal cavity (44.5 × 25.1 × 30.1 cm; estimated volume~17.5 L), with diaphragmatic elevation and mediastinal shift (Figures A–C). Two obstructive calculi were identified: one at the UPJ (2.2 cm) and another at the ureterovesical junction (1.6 cm).  \nEmergency percutaneous nephrostomy under local anesthesia drained approximately 18,000 mL of fluid. Despite clinical improvement, subsequent assessment confirmed absence of renal function on the left side.  \nTherefore, a left nephrectomy was performed. The procedure was initiated laparoscopically but required conversion to open surgery due to intense local inflammation, excessive renal volume limiting exposure, and marked thickening of the hydronephrotic sac. The surgical specimen weighed 2.43 kg (figure D) and measured 32 cm (figure E). Nephrostomy fluid culture revealed Staphylococcus aureus, which was treated with antibiotics. Histopa","cbCaiaSGYGlVHCfv","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiaSGYGlVHCfv","pdf",4375572,"English","# Introduction\n# Case presentation\n# Discussion","[{\"question\":\"How is giant hydronephrosis defined and what causes are most common?\",\"answer\":\"Giant hydronephrosis is defined by urine accumulation over 1000 mL in the renal collecting system. The most common cause is congenital ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction, while chronic ureterolithiasis can also lead to the condition.\"},{\"question\":\"What initial treatment was used for the patient and how much fluid was drained?\",\"answer\":\"The patient received emergency percutaneous nephrostomy under local anesthesia. Approximately 18,000 mL of fluid was drained.\"},{\"question\":\"Why was nephrectomy performed and what did pathology show?\",\"answer\":\"Nephrectomy was performed after subsequent assessment confirmed absence of renal function on the left side. Pathology showed xanthogranulomatous chronic pyelonephritis with marked stromal fibrosis and no evidence of malignancy.\"}]","Giant hydronephrosis secondary to ureterolithiasis - A case report | PDF",1790657876]