[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-135061-en":3,"doc-seo-135061-105":31,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},135061,549758146520,"Patrick","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/80002397d8c0411e94?_k=1775819394049821470",8,"Research & Report","Ghost in the Shell: The Soul Within - Thesis Abstract","Thesis research examines the 1995 film Ghost in the Shell through cyborg theory, drawing on scholars including Donna Haraway and Judith Butler. It argues that Motoko Kusanagi operates as a mechanized laborer for the state, exploited and dehumanized as a Japanese female cyborg, yet pursuing purpose beyond the constraints of Section Nine. The analysis contrasts common studies focused on gender or technology’s message, emphasizing Motoko’s individual journey toward becoming a free and humanized self.","GHOST IN THE SHELL: THE SOUL WITHIN  \nBy REBECCA GRUBBA thesis submitted to the Graduate School-Camden Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Master of Arts Graduate Program in English Written under the direction of Holly Blackford Ph. D And approved by  \nHolly Blackford Ph. D  \nKeith Green Ph. D  \nCamden, New Jersey May 2017  \nTHESIS ABSTRACT  \nGhost in the Shell: The Soul Within  \nby REBECCA GRUBB  \nThesis Director:  \nHolly Blackford Ph. D  \nThis project involved the research into the 1995 Ghost in the Shell. Drawing mainly from Donna Haraway, Judith Butler, Carl Silvio, Jane Chi Hyun Park, Sharalyn Orbaugh, Steven Culver, Steven T. Brown, Julie Clarke, and others, I apply cyborg theory and argue that the main character Motoko Kusanagi is a mechanized laborer for the state, exploited and dehumanized asa Japanese female cyborg who seeks purpose outside of the limitations of Section Nine, and her success in such an endeavor. Most others who have studied Ghost in the Shell focus mainly on gender, the body, or the film’s general message of technology integrating inevitably with humanity, but not Motoko’s individual journey as an exploited tool to a completely free individual, her mechanical nature humanizing her more so than any actual human character. The film shows the similarities between the mechanical and the human, and how dangerous it is to fear technological changes and evolution, to fear that it may escape our control—it already has, and we must embrace it, just as Motoko does, and becomes better for it.  \nGhost in the Shell: The Soul Within  \nMotoko Kusanagi: “You talk about redefining my identity. I want a guarantee that  \nI can still be myself.”  \nPuppet Master: “There isn't one. Why would you wish to? All things change in a dynamic environment. Your effort to remain what you are is what limits you.”  \nGhost in the Shell (GIS) is a massive franchise that is not only globally popular, but critically acclaimed. It has a manga and anime series as well as animated sequels, and, most recently, an American live-action adaptation starring Scarlett Johansson and directed by Rupert Sanders, which has sparked controversy regarding racism and active whitewashing in Hollywood. Beautifully animated with a haunting musical score, the 1995 GIS film directed by Mamoru Oshii asks difficult, philosophical questions and does not always deliver clear answers. Motoko Kusanagi’s primary crisis derives from the duality of her existence—to be both organic and mechanical, and thus to belong fully in neither category. She struggles between transcending her body, but also having her identity tied firmly to it, and being judged accordingly by the appearance of her shell, her mass-produced body. She questions if her “ghost” or her soul/mind is genuinely human, or if she is just another programmed robot with nothing inherently organic or human within her essence. Oshii raises uncomfortable and intersectional problems regarding gender, race, disability, exploitation and class, as well as the essence of humanity and how the human interacts and fits in with the nonhuman. I will focus primarily on the 1995 film, but I will briefly mention the American film.  \nThe dualities of mechanistic and human examined in the film create an embrace ofthe liminal, a theme that reflects the contemporary gender context of Japanese culture as it intersects with American modernity:  \nAs opposed to the terrifying figure of Darth Vader-one of the first memorable cyborgs encountered by children in North America-Japanese children enjoy a wide range of characters that mix human and machinic elements…the various issues at the heart of the new cyborg paradigm are explored in Japanese popular culture perhaps more thoroughly than anywhere else…because of its …\"Frankenstein syndrome”…[which] refers to the tendency of developing countries, those defined as \"monstrous\" and \"raw\" by the already developed nations, to","cbCaic3u6LM5RL2o","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaic3u6LM5RL2o","pdf",358477,4,1,63,"English","en",105,"# Thesis Abstract\n## The research focus and theoretical approach\n## Motoko Kusanagi’s duality and identity crisis\n## Themes: liminality, monstrosity, modernity, and liberation of the Other","[{\"question\":\"What film and research scope does the thesis focus on?\",\"answer\":\"The thesis primarily focuses on the 1995 Ghost in the Shell film, while briefly mentioning the American live-action adaptation.\"},{\"question\":\"Which theoretical framework is used to analyze Motoko Kusanagi?\",\"answer\":\"It applies cyborg theory, drawing mainly from Donna Haraway, Judith Butler, and other scholars.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the thesis’s central argument about Motoko’s role in society?\",\"answer\":\"Motoko is argued to function as a mechanized laborer for the state, exploited and dehumanized, while seeking purpose outside Section Nine’s limitations.\"}]","Ghost in the Shell: The Soul Within - 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