[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-38125-en":3,"doc-seo-38125-105":28,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":89},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":27,"read_time":11},38125,687197207919,"Theodora","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/a000253d6f5f7c60be?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779446848396160552",8,"Research & Report","Get Smart: Combining Hard and Soft Power","The article explains Joseph S. Nye Jr.’s concept of “smart power,” arguing that effective foreign policy requires blending hard power (coercion and payment) with soft power (attraction). It clarifies common misunderstandings about how “soft power” is defined and applied, including the mistake of equating outcomes with the resources used to achieve them. The piece highlights cultural, values, and policy elements of soft power, notes public opinion shifts, and recommends policy choices to restore influence while recognizing limits where military tools are necessary.","7/20/2010 Get Smart  \nJuly/August 2009 RESPONSE  \nGet Smart  \nCombining Hard and Soft Power  \nJoseph S. Nye Jr.  \nJOSEPHS. NYE, JR., is University Distinguished Service Professor at Harvard University and the author of The Powers to Lead.  \nIn her confirmation hearings, U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said, \"America cannot solve the most pressing problems on our own, and the world cannot solve them without America. . . . We must use what has been called 'smart power,' the full range of tools at our disposal.\"Since then, editorial pages and blogs have been full of references to\"smart power.\"But what does it mean?  \n\"Smart power\"is a term I developed in 2003 to counter the misperception that soft power alone can produce effective foreign policy. Power is one's ability to affect the behavior of others to get what one wants. There are three basic ways to do this: coercion, payment, and attraction. Hard power is the use of coercion and payment. Soft power is the ability to obtain preferred outcomes through attraction. If a state can set the agenda for others or shape their preferences, it can save a lot on carrots and sticks. But rarely can it totally replace either. Thus the need for smart strategies that combine the tools of both hard and soft power.  \nIn an otherwise estimable new book, Power Rules: How Common Sense Can Rescue American Foreign Policy, Leslie Gelb argues that \"soft power now seems to mean almost everything\"because both economic and military resources can influence other states. (Gelb's recent article in these pages, \"Necessity, Choice, and Common Sense\"[May/June 2009], is drawn from the book.) But Gelb confuses the actions of a state seeking to achieve desired outcomes with the resources used to produce those outcomes. Military and economic resources can sometimes be used to attract as well as coerce--witness the positive effect of the U.S. military's relief efforts in Indonesia following the 2004 tsunami on Indonesians' attitudes toward the United States. This means that many different types of resources can contribute to soft power, not that the term \"soft power\"can mean any type of behavior.  \nIn his book, Gelb defines power too narrowly, as \"getting people or groups to do something they don't want to do.\"He ignores a long literature on the other facets of power that are used to persuade others to do what is in fact in their own interests. As U.S. President Dwight Eisenhower put it, leadership is about getting people to do something \"not only because you tell them to do so and enforce your orders but because they instinctively want to do it for you.\"Sometimes that is possible, and sometimes not, but it is certainly an important aspect of power. Even if soft power is rarely sufficient, it can help create an enabling or disabling context for policy.  \n[www.foreignaffairs.com/print/65163](www.foreignaffairs.com/print/65163) 1/3  \n7/20/2010 Get Smart  \nThe major elements of a country's soft power include its culture (when it is pleasing to others), its values (when they are attractive and consistently practiced), and its policies (when they are seen as inclusive and legitimate) . Over the past decade, public opinion polls have shown a serious decline in the United States' popularity in Europe, Latin America, and, most dramatically, the Muslim world. Poll respondents have generally cited the United States' policies, more than its culture or values, to explain this decline. Since it is easier for a country to change its policies than its culture, U.S. President Barack Obama should focus on choosing policies that can help recover some of the United States' soft power.  \nOf course, soft power is not the solution to all problems. The fact that the North Korean dictator Kim Jong Il likes to watch Hollywood movies is unlikely to affect his country's nuclear weapons program. And U.S. soft power got nowhere in drawing the Taliban government away from al Qaeda in the 1990s; it took hard military power in 2001 to end","cbCaiojhzmtpfv9y","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiojhzmtpfv9y","pdf",164379,1,3,"English","en",105,"# Get Smart: Combining Hard and Soft Power\n## Defining Smart Power and Its Components\n## Clarifying Misconceptions about Soft Power\n## Soft Power as Policy, Values, and Culture\n## Limits of Soft Power and Contextual Intelligence","[{\"question\":\"What does “smart power” mean according to Joseph Nye?\",\"answer\":\"Smart power is a strategy that combines hard power (coercion and payment) with soft power (attraction). It is needed because hard or soft tools alone rarely replace the other completely.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the article distinguish resources used for influence from the meaning of soft power?\",\"answer\":\"It argues that some military and economic resources can attract as well as coerce, but that does not mean “soft power” can mean any behavior. Soft power refers to preferred outcomes achieved through attraction and agenda-setting or preference-shaping.\"},{\"question\":\"Which factors make up a country’s soft power and how can it be improved?\",\"answer\":\"A country’s soft power includes culture, values, and policies—when they are pleasing, attractive and consistently practiced, and seen as inclusive and legitimate. Since policies are easier to change than culture, the article suggests focusing on policy choices to recover soft power.\"}]",1783057871,{"code":4,"msg":29,"data":30},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":31,"title":13,"keywords":32,"description":14,"schema_data":33,"social_meta":84,"head_meta":86,"extra_data":88,"updated_unix":27},"get-smart-combining-hard-and-soft-power","",{"@graph":34,"@context":83},[35,51,66],{"@type":36,"itemListElement":37},"BreadcrumbList",[38,42,46,48],{"item":39,"name":40,"@type":41,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":43,"name":44,"@type":41,"position":45},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":47,"name":12,"@type":41,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",{"item":49,"name":13,"@type":41,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/get-smart-combining-hard-and-soft-power/38125/",4,{"url":49,"name":13,"@type":52,"author":53,"headline":13,"publisher":55,"fileFormat":58,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":59,"datePublished":60,"encodingFormat":58,"isAccessibleForFree":61,"interactionStatistic":62},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":54},"Person",{"url":39,"name":56,"@type":57},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-06","2026-07-03",true,{"@type":63,"interactionType":64,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":65},"ViewAction",{"@type":67,"mainEntity":68},"FAQPage",[69,75,79],{"name":70,"@type":71,"acceptedAnswer":72},"What does “smart power” mean according to Joseph Nye?","Question",{"text":73,"@type":74},"Smart power is a strategy that combines hard power (coercion and payment) with soft power (attraction). It is needed because hard or soft tools alone rarely replace the other completely.","Answer",{"name":76,"@type":71,"acceptedAnswer":77},"How does the article distinguish resources used for influence from the meaning of soft power?",{"text":78,"@type":74},"It argues that some military and economic resources can attract as well as coerce, but that does not mean “soft power” can mean any behavior. Soft power refers to preferred outcomes achieved through attraction and agenda-setting or preference-shaping.",{"name":80,"@type":71,"acceptedAnswer":81},"Which factors make up a country’s soft power and how can it be improved?",{"text":82,"@type":74},"A country’s soft power includes culture, values, and policies—when they are pleasing, attractive and consistently practiced, and seen as inclusive and legitimate. 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