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Explains historical place-name references to the Sioux and early French explorers, and provides travel guidance using milepost markers and the counterclockwise Loop Road route. Includes an overview of local Fort Union Formation units, especially Tongue River and Sentinel Butte Members, with notes on sediment layers, deposition in ancient aquatic environments, and ongoing removal by the Little Missouri River.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":30,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/technology/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/geologic-roadlog-for-the-south-unit-theodore-roosevelt-national-memorial-park-introduction/427508/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/geologic-roadlog-for-the-south-unit-theodore-roosevelt-national-memorial-park-introduction/427508.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Mabel","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-17","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What forces formed the badlands described in the roadlog?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The roadlog attributes badlands formation to running water from rain and melting snow, wind, frost, and other erosion processes rather than earthquakes or volcanoes.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the roadlog help visitors track where they are along the route?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It uses milepost markers along the right side of the road to show cumulative mileage from the Visitor Center, with periodic checks to determine the visitor’s location.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which geologic formation and members are highlighted around the park?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The roadlog focuses on the Fort Union Formation and highlights two members visible in the park: the Tongue River Member near the Visitor Center cliffs and the Sentinel Butte Member at higher elevations later along the 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SurveyArthur F.JacobUniversity ofNorth Dakota1973 ◎  \nNorth Dakota Geological SurveyEducational Series 4  \nE.A.Noble,State Geologist  \nFigure 1.Map of Theodore Roosevelt National Memorial Park showing the distribution of the Tongue River andSentinel Butte Members of the Fort Union Formation.Notice that the Tongue River Member,which lies beneaththe Sentinel Butte Member(see figure 2),is exposed in the lower areas,along the Little Missouri River and increek valleys.The Sentinel Butte Member is found at higher elevations.  \nGEOLOGIC ROADLOG FOR THE SOUTH UNIT,THEODORE ROOSEVELT NATIONAL MEMORIAL PARK  \n# Introduction\n\nOn first viewing the strange shapes of the badlands,the visitormight be led to believe that some great natural catastrophe has torn theearth apart,ripping it open and exposing its interior.But the hills andvalleys of these badlands were formed by agents more relentless thanearthquakes or volcanoes.This land,which Theodore Roosevelt found\"fantastically beautiful,\"was carved by running water from rain andmelting snow,by wind,by frost,and by other forces of erosion.  \nThe Sioux Indians referred to the badlands as “mako sica”(\"landbad”),and early French explorers translated this to \"les mauvais terresa'traverser”(\"bad land to travel across”).Today,modern roads makethe area easy to travel across,and the name “badlands”may not be asapplicable as it once was.  \nThe visitor who has the time to enjoy a hike or horseback ridethrough the badlands may experience some of the same feelingsexperienced by the Indians and early explorers as they crossed the area.This geologic roadlog follows the Loop Road of the South Unit of thepark and includes descriptions of many of the geologic features in thebadlands.We hope it will add to your enjoyment of the park.  \nMilepost markers,white posts located along the right side of theroad,show the cumulative mileage from the Visitor Center.Mileagefigures in this roadlog refer to these milepost markers.Periodic checksof the markers should make it easy for the user of the roadlog todetermine where he is located.Since the roadlog follows the LoopRoad in a counterclockwise direction,the user should continue aheadrather than turning left where the road forks,6.5 miles from the VisitorCenter.  \nThe authors wish to thank Karol-lyn Knudson for her help inpreparing the drawings and necessary art work.  \nGeologic Roadlog  \nMilesVisitor Center.The horizontal layers in the cliffs near thefromVisitor Center are beds of fine-grained sediment,so closelyCentercompacted that it looks and feels like rock but disintegrates in  \nwater.The layers of sediment,which are largely siltstone andclaystone,were deposited in lakes,ponds,and swamps adjacentto ancient,extinct streams that flowed here_during thePaleocene Epoch about 65 million years ago.Today thesesediments are being washed away by the Little Missouri River.  \nThe beds of sediment you will see throughout the park formpart of the Fort Union Formation*.The Fort Union Formationcan be further subdivided into several members,which differsomewhat from one another in content and appearance.Twosuch members can be seen in the park (figure 1).They are theTongue River Member,which forms the cliffs here at the VisitorCenter,and the Sentinel Butte Member,which you will seelater.Although the Fort Union Formation is the only oneexposed in the park,younger rocks can be found on nearbyhighlands such as Sentinel and Bullion Buttes.Older rocks,deeply buried here,are exposed at the surface about 30 milessouthwest of the park (figure 2).  \nMedora Overlook.Notice the landslide that covers part of the  \n0.3  \nparking lot at the base of the cliff.The Fort Union Formationcontains considerable clay that loses its strength and becomesslippery when it is wet.On steep slopes this sediment slumps,resulting in frequent landslides and mudflows.  \nSediment the same age as the Fo","cbCaijouP2DFLTb0","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijouP2DFLTb0","pdf",1971455,"English","# Introduction\n## Park route and milepost guidance\n## Formation overview and badlands formation","[{\"question\":\"What forces formed the badlands described in the roadlog?\",\"answer\":\"The roadlog attributes badlands formation to running water from rain and melting snow, wind, frost, and other erosion processes rather than earthquakes or volcanoes.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the roadlog help visitors track where they are along the route?\",\"answer\":\"It uses milepost markers along the right side of the road to show cumulative mileage from the Visitor Center, with periodic checks to determine the visitor’s location.\"},{\"question\":\"Which geologic formation and members are highlighted around the park?\",\"answer\":\"The roadlog focuses on the Fort Union Formation and highlights two members visible in the park: the Tongue River Member near the Visitor Center cliffs and the Sentinel Butte Member at higher elevations later along the route.\"}]","Geologic Roadlog for the South Unit, Theodore Roosevelt National Memorial Park - Introduction | PDF",1790644043]