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This study analyzes the distribution of bacterial pathogens causing infectious keratitis and characterizes their resistance mechanisms at the genotypic level, focusing on extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes. Corneal isolates were identified by standard microbiology, tested for susceptibility, and examined by PCR for tem, shv, and ctx-M gene families. 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Genotypic resistance markers (tem, shv, and ctx-M) were investigated using PCR-based methods, and phenotypic resistance was evaluated using the Vitek2 system.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What did the study find about genotypic markers and resistance phenotypes?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"tem genes were found in a substantial proportion of ocular isolates and often appeared plasmid-mediated, while shv showed low prevalence and ctx-M was less frequent. 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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.  \n1 Ophthalmology Department, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania; [andrei_theo@yahoo.com](andrei_theo@yahoo.com)  \n2 Ophthalmology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania  \n3 Medical Laboratory, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania; [maria.balasoiu@umfcv.ro](maria.balasoiu@umfcv.ro) (M.B.); [gaman_alice@yahoo.com](gaman_alice@yahoo.com) (A.E.G.)  \n4 Microbiology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania  \n5 ENT Clinic, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania; [andrei.osman@umfcv.ro](andrei.osman@umfcv.ro)  \n6 ENT Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania  \n7 Department of Pneumology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; [ramona_cioboata@yahoo.com](ramona_cioboata@yahoo.com)  \n8 Department of Pneumology, Victor Babes University Hospital, 200515 Craiova, Romania  \n9 Department Immunology, Hematology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200638 Craiova, Romania; [simona.neamtu@umfcv.ro](simona.neamtu@umfcv.ro)  \n10 Medical Laboratory, Clinical Municipal Hospital “Filantropia” of Craiova, 200143 Craiova, Romania  \n11 Department for Prevention of Infections Associated with Healthcare, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania; [andreea_golli@yahoo.com](andreea_golli@yahoo.com)  \n12 Public Health Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania  \n* Correspondence: [ovidiu.zlatian@umfcv.ro](ovidiu.zlatian@umfcv.ro)[ ](ovidiu.zlatian@umfcv.ro)† These authors contributed equally to this work.  \nAbstract  \nBackground/Objectives: Infectious keratitis represents a major ophthalmological emergency and a leading cause of corneal blindness worldwide. Rapid progression, frequent antimicrobial resistance, and poor therapeutic outcomes make genotypic surveillance essential. This study aimed to analyze the distribution of bacterial pathogens involved in infectious keratitis and characterize their resistance mechanisms at the genotypic level, with emphasis on extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes. Methods: Corneal scrapings were collected from patients diagnosed with bacterial keratitis at the County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Craiova. Isolates were identified using standard microbiological techniques, followed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Genotypic resistance markers, including tem, shv, and ctx-M gene families, were investigated using PCR-based methods, while phenotypic resistance was investigated using the Vitek2 system. Results: Grampositive bacteria were the predominant isolates, with coagulase-negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus accounting for most cases. Among Gram-negative pathogens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae were frequently detected. Genotypic analysis revealed tem genes in a substantial proportion of ocular isolates, often plasmid-mediated, while shv genes showed low prevalence and ctx-M genes were less frequent. The genetic determinants correlated well with phenotypic resistance expressed by MICs. Conclusions: The study highlights the significant correlation between genotypic markers a","cbCaimk8fp2CqGNw","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimk8fp2CqGNw","pdf",3178469,17,"English","# Abstract\n# 1. Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What was the main objective of the study on infectious keratitis?\",\"answer\":\"To analyze the distribution of bacterial pathogens involved in infectious keratitis and to characterize their resistance mechanisms at the genotypic level, emphasizing ESBL (extended-spectrum β-lactamase) genes.\"},{\"question\":\"How were bacterial isolates and resistance patterns assessed?\",\"answer\":\"Corneal scrapings from diagnosed patients were processed to identify isolates using standard microbiological techniques, followed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Genotypic resistance markers (tem, shv, and ctx-M) were investigated using PCR-based methods, and phenotypic resistance was evaluated using the Vitek2 system.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the study find about genotypic markers and resistance phenotypes?\",\"answer\":\"tem genes were found in a substantial proportion of ocular isolates and often appeared plasmid-mediated, while shv showed low prevalence and ctx-M was less frequent. Genetic determinants correlated well with phenotypic resistance expressed by MICs.\"}]","Genotypic Resistance Analysis of Bacterial Species Involved in Infectious Keratitis | PDF",1790769019,43]