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This cross-sectional study evaluated genotoxicity using the micronucleus assay in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells from conventional tobacco smokers, reverse smokers, electronic cigarette users, cannabis users, and non-smokers. Among 100 participants, micronuclei were found in 86% of samples, with significant differences for conventional, reverse, and electronic cigarette groups versus non-smokers (P\u003C0.001), but not for cannabis (P=0.89). Oral lesions correlated with micronucleus frequency (P=0.03), and alcohol was not a confounder.",{"@graph":69,"@context":126},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/genotoxic-damage-assessment-using-the-micronucleus-assay-in-buccal-mucosa-of-different-types-of-smokers-a-cross-sectional-study/456456/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/genotoxic-damage-assessment-using-the-micronucleus-assay-in-buccal-mucosa-of-different-types-of-smokers-a-cross-sectional-study/456456.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"SANS","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-05","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118,122],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What genotoxicity method was used to assess smokers in this study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Genotoxic damage was assessed using the micronucleus assay on exfoliated buccal mucosa cells, with Giemsa and Papanicolaou staining to identify micronuclei.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were participants grouped in the cross-sectional study?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The study included 100 participants split into five groups: 20 conventional tobacco smokers, 20 reverse smokers, 20 electronic cigarette users, 20 cannabis users, and 20 non-smokers.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which smoking categories showed significant micronucleus differences compared with non-smokers?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Conventional, reverse, and electronic cigarette smokers showed statistically significant differences in median micronucleus count versus non-smokers (P\u003C0.001). Cannabis smokers did not (P=0.89).",{"name":123,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":124},"What relationship was found between oral lesions and micronucleus count?",{"text":125,"@type":113},"A significant correlation was identified between the presence of oral lesions and micronucleus count (P=0.03), and regression analysis indicated alcohol was not a confounding factor.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":128,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":130,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":132,"site_id":62},456456,1790790588,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":135},{"doc_id":132,"user_id":136,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":137,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":138,"file_id":139,"file_url":140,"file_type":141,"file_size":142,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":143,"language":144,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":145,"faqs":146,"seo_title":147,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":148,"read_time":149,"preview_page_count":4},962090760505,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","| W | J | E | M | World Journal of\u003Cbr>Experimental Medicine |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\nSubmit a Manuscript: [https://www.f6publishing.com](https://www.f6publishing.com) World J Exp Med 2025 September 20; 15(3): 108025  \nDOI: 10.5493/wjem.v15.i3.108025 ISSN 2220-315x (online)  \nORIGINAL ARTICLE  \nObservational Study  \nGenotoxic damage assessment using the micronucleus assay in buccal mucosa of different types of smokers: A cross-sectional study  \nEfraín Álvarez-Martínez, Iván E Porto-Puerta, Carlos M Ardila  \nSpecialty type: Medicine, research and experimental  \nProvenance and peer review:  \nInvited article; Externally peer reviewed.  \nPeer-review model: Single blind  \nPeer-review report’s classification Scientific Quality: Grade A, Grade A  \nNovelty: Grade B, Grade B  \nCreativity or Innovation: Grade A, Grade B  \nScientific Significance: Grade A, Grade B  \nP-Reviewer: Wu F  \nReceived: April 3, 2025  \nRevised: May 16, 2025  \nAccepted: July 16, 2025  \nPublished online: September 20, 2025  \nProcessing time: 131 Days and 16.6 Hours  \nEfraín Álvarez-Martínez, Iván E Porto-Puerta, Maxillofacial Surgery, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Antioquia, Colombia  \nCarlos M Ardila, Department of Basic Sciences, Biomedical Stomatology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Antioquia, Colombia  \nCorresponding author: Carlos M Ardila, Postdoctoral Fellow, Professor, Senior Researcher, Department of Basic Sciences, Biomedical Stomatology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin 050010, Antioquia, Colombia.  \n[martin.ardila@udea.edu.co](martin.ardila@udea.edu.co)  \nAbstract  \nBACKGROUND  \nSmoking is a leading cause of carcinogenesis in the head and neck region, representing a critical public health issue. Identifying genotoxic damage in smokers can provide valuable insights for developing preventive interventions.  \nAIM  \nTo assess genotoxic damage through the micronucleus assay in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells from users of conventional tobacco, reverse smoking, cannabis, electronic cigarettes, and non-smokers.  \nMETHODS  \nA cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 participants divided into five groups: 20 conventional tobacco smokers, 20 reverse smokers, 20 electronic cigarette users, 20 cannabis users, and 20 non-smokers. Exfoliated buccal mucosa cells were analyzed using Giemsa and Papanicolaou staining to identify micronuclei (MN) as markers of genotoxic damage.  \nRESULTS  \nMN were present in 86% of the samples. Statistically significant differences were observed in the median micronucleus count between conventional, reverse, and electronic cigarette smokers compared to non-smokers (P \u003C 0.001), while no significant difference was found for cannabis smokers (P = 0.89) . A significant correlation was identified between the presence of oral lesions and micronucleus count (P = 0.03). Regression analysis ruled out alcohol as a confounding factor.  \n WJEM  [https://www.wjgnet.com](https://www.wjgnet.com) 1 September 20, 2025  Volume 15  Issue 3   \nÁlvarez-Martínez E et al. Genotoxic damage in smokers' buccal mucosa  \nCONCLUSION  \nThis study identified genotoxic damage associated with various smoking habits, except for cannabis use, highlighting the need for public health interventions to reduce smoking and mitigate its genotoxic effects. These findings provide a foundation for future research and the implementation of preventive policies.  \nKey Words: Oral neoplasms; Smoking; Genotoxicity; Micronucleus; Oral cancer  \n©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.  \nCore Tip: This study reveals significant genotoxic damage in buccal mucosa cells among conventional, reverse, and electronic cigarette smokers, but not cannabis users, using the micronucleus assay. A strong correlation was found between smoking-related oral lesions and micronucleus frequency, independent of alcohol use. These find","cbCaiePNVfQbo5GI","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiePNVfQbo5GI","pdf",21489718,14,"English","# Abstract\n## Background\n## Aim\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusion\n## Core Tip","[{\"question\":\"What genotoxicity method was used to assess smokers in this study?\",\"answer\":\"Genotoxic damage was assessed using the micronucleus assay on exfoliated buccal mucosa cells, with Giemsa and Papanicolaou staining to identify micronuclei.\"},{\"question\":\"How were participants grouped in the cross-sectional study?\",\"answer\":\"The study included 100 participants split into five groups: 20 conventional tobacco smokers, 20 reverse smokers, 20 electronic cigarette users, 20 cannabis users, and 20 non-smokers.\"},{\"question\":\"Which smoking categories showed significant micronucleus differences compared with non-smokers?\",\"answer\":\"Conventional, reverse, and electronic cigarette smokers showed statistically significant differences in median micronucleus count versus non-smokers (P\\u003c0.001). Cannabis smokers did not (P=0.89).\"},{\"question\":\"What relationship was found between oral lesions and micronucleus count?\",\"answer\":\"A significant correlation was identified between the presence of oral lesions and micronucleus count (P=0.03), and regression analysis indicated alcohol was not a confounding factor.\"}]","Genotoxic damage assessment using the micronucleus assay in buccal mucosa of different types of smokers - A cross-sectional study | PDF",1790746102,35]