[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-201826-105":59,"doc-detail-201826-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","general-writing-memo-common-marks-and-proofreading-techniques","General Writing Memo - Common Marks and Proofreading Techniques","","General Writing Memo provides guidance on writing with emphasis on legal scholarly writing and offers a practical system for abbreviated marginal comments used during paper review. It explains how the author references Eugene Volokh’s Academic Legal Writing (5th ed., 2016), including mapping citations to specific chapters and sections. The memo also defines recurring shorthand proofreading marks, organizes them into categorical and alphabetical lists, and includes a table of contents covering common mark types and usage tips.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/general-writing-memo-common-marks-and-proofreading-techniques/201826/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/general-writing-memo-common-marks-and-proofreading-techniques/201826.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Mason","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-05","2026-09-04",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the purpose of the General Writing Memo?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It gives general advice about writing, especially legal scholarly writing, and provides shorthand codes for comments the author makes in the margins when reviewing papers.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the memo connect to Eugene Volokh’s Academic Legal Writing?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It states that many references point to Volokh’s Academic Legal Writing, keyed to the fifth edition (2016), where “Volokh, V.B.” corresponds to Chapter V, Section B.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What kinds of proofreading marks are included?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The memo lists common and alphabetical shorthand marks such as PR (proofread), G (grammar), P (punctuation), C (cite), WS/WW (wrong source/word), and IS (incomplete sentence), along with related writing techniques.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},201826,1788539086,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},5909887256941,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","General Writing Memo  \nProf. Eric E. Johnson  \n[ericejohnson.com](ericejohnson.com) Updated: April 18, 2020  \nThis memo contains general advice about writing and, in particular, legal scholarly writing. It also functions as a key for abbreviated comments that I make in the margins of papers I review.  \nFor my hand-made proofreading marks and squiggles, go here:  \n[http://www.ericejohnson.com/docs/Eric_E_Johnson_General_Writing_G](http://www.ericejohnson.com/docs/Eric_E_Johnson_General_Writing_G)[udiance_Proofreading_Marks.pdf](udiance_Proofreading_Marks.pdf)  \nThis memo makes frequent reference to Eugene Volokh’s book Academic Legal Writing, which I usually assign to my students doing an independent writing project or a seminar paper. The particular references are keyed to the fifth edition, published in 2016. The reference “Volokh, V.B.”means go to Chapter V, Section B of the fifth edition.  \nN.B.: In reviewing my most recent batch of papers, I realized a few abbreviations were needlessly obtuse, so I decided to transition to something more straightforward. So OSW and OPS are the new and old for“Opt for the simpler word.” And QWI and QTE are the new and the old for“Quote when the exact words are of interest; otherwise paraphrase.”  \nGeneral Writing Memo  \n—CATEGORICAL LIST—  \nCommon Marks  \nPR Proofread.  \nSYN Synthesize.  \nP Punctuation.  \nG Grammar.  \nC Cite.  \nS Style.  \nOTF. Obey the format.  \nWS Wrong source.  \nWW Wrong word.  \nIS Incomplete sentence.  \nTMY Tell me why.  \nFWN Focus on what’s needed.  \nTMW Tell me where you’re going.  \nWCOT? What comes of this?  \nCOWN Capitalize only when necessary.  \nICF I can’t follow.  \nWDTM? What does this mean?  \nOPY Seems “op-eddy” in tone.  \nHabitually Helpful Techniques SY Simplify.  \nKPS Keep paragraphs short.  \nKSS Keep sentences short.  \nOSW (or OPS) Opt for the simpler word.  \nDJZ Dejargonize.  \nDARK Don’t assume the reader knows.  \nARQ Answer readers’questions.  \nEA Eliminate adverbs.  \nBH Bury “however.”  \nQWI (or QTE) Quote when the exact words are of interest; otherwise paraphrase. Strunk’s Rules  \nUAV Use the active voice. (Rule \\#10)  \nPOS Put statements in positive form. (Rule \\#11)  \nDSC Use definite, specific, concrete language. (Rule \\#12)  \nONW Omit needless words. (Rule \\#13)  \nXCS Express co-ordinate ideas in similar form. (Rule \\#15)  \nKRWT Keep related words together. (Rule \\#16)  \nKTOT In summaries, keep to one tense. (Rule \\#17)  \nEWE Place the emphatic words of a sentence at the end. (Rule \\#18)  \n[ericejohnson.com](ericejohnson.com) Page 2 of 26 Dated: April 18, 2020  \n—ALPHABETICAL LIST—  \nARQ Answer readers’questions.  \nBH Bury “however.”  \nC Cite.  \nCOWN Capitalize only when necessary.  \nDARK Don’t assume the reader knows.  \nDJZ Dejargonize.  \nDSC Use definite, specific, concrete language. (Rule \\#12)  \nEA Eliminate adverbs.  \nEWE Place the emphatic words of a sentence at the end. (Rule \\#18) FWN Focus on what’s needed.  \nG Grammar.  \nICF I can’t follow.  \nIS Incomplete sentence.  \nKPS Keep paragraphs short.  \nKRWT Keep related words together. (Rule \\#16)  \nKSS Keep sentences short.  \nKTOT In summaries, keep to one tense. (Rule \\#17)  \nONW Omit needless words. (Rule \\#13)  \nOPY Seems “op-eddy” in tone.  \nOSW (or OPS) Opt for the simpler word.  \nOTF Obey the format.  \nPOS Put statements in positive form. (Rule \\#11)  \nP Punctuation.  \nPR Proofread.  \nQWI (or QTE) Quote when the exact words are of interest; otherwise paraphrase. S Style.  \nSY Simplify.  \nSYN Synthesize.  \nTMW Tell me where you’re going.  \nTMY Tell me why.  \nUAV Use the active voice. (Rule \\#10)  \nWCOT? What comes of this?  \nWDTM? What does this mean?  \nWS Wrong source.  \nWW Wrong word.  \nXCS Express co-ordinate ideas in similar form. (Rule \\#15)  \nGeneral Writing Memo  \n—TABLE OF CONTENTS—  \nCommon Marks............................................................................................................................ 5  \nPR Proofread.................................................","cbCaipPsbH1pnTOA","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipPsbH1pnTOA","pdf",227136,26,"English","# Common Marks\n## PR Proofread\n## SYN Synthesize\n## OTF Obey the format\n## G Grammar\n## P Punctuation\n## S Style\n## C Cite\n## WS Wrong source\n## WW Wrong word\n## IS Incomplete sentence\n## TMY Tell me why\n## FWN Focus on what’s needed\n## TMW Tell me where you’re going\n## WCOT? What comes of this?\n## COWN Capitalize only when necessary\n## ICF I can’t follow","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of the General Writing Memo?\",\"answer\":\"It gives general advice about writing, especially legal scholarly writing, and provides shorthand codes for comments the author makes in the margins when reviewing papers.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the memo connect to Eugene Volokh’s Academic Legal Writing?\",\"answer\":\"It states that many references point to Volokh’s Academic Legal Writing, keyed to the fifth edition (2016), where “Volokh, V.B.” corresponds to Chapter V, Section B.\"},{\"question\":\"What kinds of proofreading marks are included?\",\"answer\":\"The memo lists common and alphabetical shorthand marks such as PR (proofread), G (grammar), P (punctuation), C (cite), WS/WW (wrong source/word), and IS (incomplete sentence), along with related writing techniques.\"}]","General Writing Memo - Common Marks and Proofreading Techniques | PDF",66]