[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-326896-105":59,"doc-detail-326896-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","gene-avatars-the-neo-darwinian-theory-of-evolution","Gene Avatars - The neo-Darwinian Theory of Evolution","","Gene Avatars presents an evolutionary genetics perspective grounded in the neo-Darwinian theory of evolution. The preface explains how French evolutionary biology developed through distinctive emphasis on heredity, especially the cytoplasm’s role and non-Mendelian elements such as mitochondria and nucleo-cytoplasmic interactions. It also contrasts European scientific development with Anglo-American dominance and motivates the book’s introduction to a broader audience. A table of contents outlines chapters from early transformism to population genetics and ecological genetics.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":15,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/literature/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/gene-avatars-the-neo-darwinian-theory-of-evolution/326896/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/gene-avatars-the-neo-darwinian-theory-of-evolution/326896.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Sage","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What central themes does the preface highlight in French evolutionary biology?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The preface emphasizes France’s distinctive approach, including the importance of heredity linked to the cytoplasm and the development of genetics involving non-Mendelian elements like mitochondria.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the preface describe the shift in evolutionary genetics between regions?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It contrasts evolutionary genetics before the 1980s as mainly supported by Great Britain and the USA, while noting that continental Europe built sufficient strength to establish a European Society and its journal.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What does the book structure suggest about its scope?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The table of contents indicates a progression from introduction and early evolutionary concepts, through Darwinian paradigms and genetics origins, to population and ecological genetics, culminating in later thematic chapters.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},326896,1791074012,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":14,"category_name":15,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},687197207057,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","GENE AVATARS  \nTHE NEO-DARWININAN THEORY OF EVOLUTION  \nPierre-Henri Gouyon Jean-Pierre Henry Jacques Arnould  \nTranslated by Tiiu Ojasoo  \nKLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS  \nNEW YORK, BOSTON, DORDRECHT, LONDON, MOSCOW  \neBook ISBN: 0-306-47570-7  \nPrint ISBN: 0-306-46616-3  \n©2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers  \nNew York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow  \nPrint ©2002 Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers New York  \nAll rights reserved  \nNo part of this eBook may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without written consent from the Publisher  \nCreated in the United States of America  \nVisit Kluwer Online at: [http://kluweronline.com](http://kluweronline.com)  \nand Kluwer's eBookstore at: [http://ebooks.kluweronline.com](http://ebooks.kluweronline.com)  \nPREFACE  \nFrance holds a rather unusual position in the field of evolutionary biology. Whereas French naturalists from Buffon, Cuvier and Lamarck onwards made great discoveries in centuries past, French biologists missed the turning when it came to genetics. Until the 1970s, most French biologists were convinced that genetics was not as interesting as developmental science (some \"rare species\", for example R. Chandebois, still hold this view) . For them, the general principles of heredity resided in the cytoplasm rather than in the genome. This was not, however, as great an obstacle as one might have thought. For example, it did not prevent Malécot from being one of the most outstanding theoreticians of population genetics, L’Héritier and Teissier from inventing population cages for Drosophila, or Monod and Jacob from discovering messenger RNA or, for that matter, from conceiving major works such as “Chance and Necessity” or “Evolutionary tinkering”. In fact, it might even have been an advantage because, in France, the centralized vision of heredity rooted in Mendelian genetics was strongly tempered by the importance traditional biology conferred to the cytoplasm. Not unsurprisingly, therefore, it was in France that a mechanism whereby the cytoplasm regulates genetic information was discovered. It was in France also that the genetics of non-Mendelian elements like mitochondria and the ecological genetics of nucleo-cytoplasmic interactions (e.g. male-sterility, see Chapter 4) were developed.  \nUntil the 1980s, evolutionary genetics was chiefly the preserve of Great Britain and the USA. These countries published all the scientific journals in the field (Evolution, American Naturalist, Heredity, Genetics...). Continental Europe, however, built up enough strength to found a European Society of  \nvi Gene Avatars–The neo-Darwinian Theory of Evolution  \nEvolutionary Biology and edit a society journal (“Journal of Evolutionary Biology”) which, with time, has acquired a good reputation and substantial impact. The first editor, of American origin, worked in Basel (Switzerland); the second was the first author of this book (the editorial office is now based in the Netherlands) . A major reason for creating the journal was to counterbalance the dominance of Anglo-American culture in the field. Not that our colleagues were unfriendly. On the contrary, they helped us a lot in developing evolutionary genetics in France. We are deeply indebted to scientists like Bob Allard, Janis Antonovics, Herbert Baker, Arthur Cain, Deborah Charlesworth, Theodosius Dobzhansky, Chris Gliddon, John Harper and Ledyard Stebbins - among many others - for their advice and collaboration. The trouble was that not enough account was taken of the“cultural” differences between “Anglo-Americans” and Europeans in a field of study-evolution-with such close links to ethics and politics. (We shall not discuss the ambiguity of the position of Great Britain which belongs to both worlds) .  \nEvolutionary biology tells us that isolation, by preventing a group of individuals from being drowned in the average mass, can foster novelty. Protection from mainstream genetic a","cbCainyLIAydvyhC","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainyLIAydvyhC","pdf",6258815,290,"English","# INTRODUCTION\n## The Biologist's Dream\n# CHAPTER 1\n## Waiting for Darwin\n# CHAPTER 2\n## The Darwinian paradigm\n# CHAPTER 3\n## Population genetics and ecological genetics\n# CHAPTER 4\n## The key","[{\"question\":\"What central themes does the preface highlight in French evolutionary biology?\",\"answer\":\"The preface emphasizes France’s distinctive approach, including the importance of heredity linked to the cytoplasm and the development of genetics involving non-Mendelian elements like mitochondria.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the preface describe the shift in evolutionary genetics between regions?\",\"answer\":\"It contrasts evolutionary genetics before the 1980s as mainly supported by Great Britain and the USA, while noting that continental Europe built sufficient strength to establish a European Society and its journal.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the book structure suggest about its scope?\",\"answer\":\"The table of contents indicates a progression from introduction and early evolutionary concepts, through Darwinian paradigms and genetics origins, to population and ecological genetics, culminating in later thematic chapters.\"}]","Gene Avatars - The neo-Darwinian Theory of Evolution | PDF",1789975687,447]