[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-39720-en":3,"doc-seo-39720-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":90},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},39720,4810365810221,"Aurora","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d",2,"Literature","Gender Trouble Feminism and the Subversion of Identity","Gender Trouble explores how gender is produced through social norms, power relations, and institutional discourse, challenging stable, essential identities. Judith Butler situates feminist theory within critique of the “subjects” it assumes, and analyzes the compulsory heterosexual framework that organizes sex, gender, and desire. The book argues that prohibition operates through psychoanalytic and cultural mechanisms, and that subversive possibilities emerge through performative, embodied acts and parody-driven politics, moving from descriptive theory to political intervention.","GENDER TROUBLE  \nGENDER TROUBLE  \nFeminism and the Subversion of Identity  \nJUDITH BUTLER  \nRoutledge New York and London  \nPublished in 1999 by Routledge  \n29 West 35th Street NewYork, NY 10001  \nPublished in Great Britain by Routledge  \n11 New Fetter Lane London EC4P 4EE  \nThis edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2002. Copyright © 1990, 1999 by Routledge  \nGender Trouble was originally published in the Routledge book series Thinking Gender, edited by Linda J. Nicholson.  \nAll rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic , mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.  \nLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data  \nButler, Judith P.  \nGender trouble : feminism and the subversion of identity / Judith Butler.  \n[p. cm](p. cm).  \nIncludes bibliographical references and index.  \nOriginally published: NewYork : Routledge, 1990.  \nISBN 0-415-92499-5 (pbk.)  \n1. Feminist theory. 2. Sex role. 3. Sex differences (Psychology)  \n4. Identity (Psychology) 5. Femininity. I. Title.  \nHQ1154.B898 1999  \n305. 3—dc21 99-29349 CIP  \nISBN 0-203-90275-0 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-90279-3 (Glassbook Format)  \nContents  \nPreface (􀀂􀀃􀀃􀀃)  \nPreface (􀀂􀀃􀀃􀀄)  \nOne Subjects of Sex/Gender/Desire i “Women” as the Subject of Feminism ii The Compulsory Order of Sex/  \nGender/Desire  \niii Gender:The Circular Ruins of Contemporary Debate  \niv Theorizing the Binary, the Unitary, and Beyond  \nv Identity, Sex, and the Metaphysics of Substance  \nvi Language, Power, and the Strategies of Displacement  \nTwo Prohibition, Psychoanalysis, and the Production of the Heterosexual Matrix  \ni Structuralism’s Critical Exchange  \nvii xxvii  \n3  \n3  \n9  \n11  \n18  \n22  \n33  \n45  \n49  \nContents  \nii Lacan, Riviere, and the Strategies of Masquerade 55  \niii Freud and the Melancholia of Gender 73  \niv Gender Complexity and the Limits of Identification 84  \nv Reformulating Prohibition as Power 91  \nThree Subversive Bodily Acts 101  \ni The Body Politics of Julia Kristeva 101  \nii Foucault, Herculine, and the Politics of Sexual Discontinuity 119  \niii Monique Wittig: Bodily Disintegration and Fictive Sex 141  \niv Bodily Inscriptions, Performative Subversions 163  \nConclusion From Parody to Politics 181  \nNotes 191  \nIndex 217  \nPreface (􀀂􀀃􀀃􀀃)  \nTen years ago I completed the manuscript of Gender Trouble and sent it to Routledge for publication. I did not know that the text would have as wide an audience as it has had, nor did I know that it would constitute a provocative “intervention” in feminist theory or be cited as oneof the founding texts of queer theory. The life of the text has exceeded my intentions, and that is surely in part the result of the changing context of its reception. As I wrote it, I understood myself to be in an embattled and oppositional relation to certain forms of feminism, even as I understood the text to be part of feminism itself. I was writing in the tradition of immanent critique that seeks to provoke critical examination of the basic vocabulary of the movement of thought to which it belongs. There was and remains warrant for such a mode of criticism and to distinguish between self-criticism that promises a more democratic and inclusive life for the movement and criticism that seeks to undermine it altogether. Of course, it is always possible to misread the former as the latter, but I would hope that that will not be done in the case of Gender Trouble.  \nIn 1989 I was most concerned to criticize a pervasive heterosexual assumption in feminist literary theory. I sought to counter those views that made presumptions about the limits and propriety of gender and restricted the meaning of gender to received notions of masculinity and femininity. It was and remains my view that any feminist theory  \nGender Trouble  \nth","cbCaigIaLR3gxZwq","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigIaLR3gxZwq","pdf",799090,4,1,256,"English","en",105,"# Preface\n# Subjects of Sex/Gender/Desire\n## Women as the Subject of Feminism\n## The Compulsory Order of Sex/Gender/Desire\n# Prohibition, Psychoanalysis, and the Production of the Heterosexual Matrix\n## Lacan, Riviere, and the Strategies of Masquerade\n## Freud and the Melancholia of Gender\n# Subversive Bodily Acts\n## Bodily Inscriptions, Performative Subversions\n# Conclusion: From Parody to Politics\n# Notes\n# Index","[{\"question\":\"What central issue does Gender Trouble address in relation to feminist theory?\",\"answer\":\"It critiques how feminist theories can restrict gender’s meaning through assumptions embedded in their own practices, creating exclusionary norms and often homophobic consequences.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the book describe the link between sex, gender, and desire?\",\"answer\":\"It argues that a compulsory heterosexual order organizes sex, gender, and desire, producing a governing structure often referred to as the heterosexual matrix.\"},{\"question\":\"What role do performative bodily acts play in the book’s argument?\",\"answer\":\"The text develops how bodily acts can function as subversions of established gender meanings, showing that gender is not fixed but produced through repeated practices and 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