[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-152115-en":3,"doc-seo-152115-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},152115,8796095360427,"Lucas Martin","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d",8,"Research & Report","Gender Issues in Video Games - Bridging Game Studies and Feminist Theories","The article argues that feminist theory remains underused in game studies and shows how key concepts from Simone de Beauvoir, Luce Irigaray, Betty Friedan, and Laura Mulvey clarify why gender stereotypes in video games are harmful. It examines victimization of women, the abjection of sexuality, and the serial reproduction of stereotyped female bodies, while drawing on later feminist authors to highlight patterns of damage. It also outlines how feminist approaches can inspire new game characters that disrupt patriarchal and heteronormative schemes.","Special issue  \nGender Issues in Video Games June 2017  \n24-53  \nBridging Game Studies and Feminist Theories  \nGabrielle Trépanier-Jobin Université du Québec à Montréal  \nMaude Bonenfant  \nUniversité du Québec à Montréal  \nAbstract  \nStarting from the premise that feminist theory remains underutilized in game studies, the authors demonstrate that mobilizing concepts from feminist pioneers such as Simone de Beauvoir, Luce Irigaray, Betty Friedan, and Laura Mulvey contributes to a better understanding of how and why gender stereotypes in video games (such as Ms. Male, Smurfette, Damsel in Distress, NaturalBorn Happy Homemaker and Sexy Action Heroine) are problematic. They also provide an overview of concepts developed by more recent feminist authors, such as Karen Boyle, Barbara Creed and Martine Delvaux, which highlight the damage caused by constant victimization of women in games, the abjection of their sexuality, and the serial reproduction of stereotypical female bodies. On a more positive note, the authors offer a glimpse of how feminist theories can inspire promising new game characters that undermine patriarchal and heteronormative schemes.  \nKeywords: video games, feminism, representation, gender, stereotypes, feminist theory  \nRésumé en français à la fin du texte  \nIntroduction  \nGame feminism has widely flourished during the past two decades. Many scholars, game critics and feminist activists have voiced concerns around the pervasiveness of gender stereotypes and sexist narratives in video games, while arguing in favour of diversifying game characters and plot devices (Cassell and Jenkins (eds), 1998; Graner Ray, 2004; Kafai et al. (eds), 2016; Kafai and al.(eds), 2008; Lignon (ed), 2015; Ruberg and Shaw (eds), 2017; Shaw, 2014) . A growing number of statistical studies (Behm-Morawitz and Mastro, 2009; Brehm, 2013; Dietz, 1998; Fox and Tang, 2014; Williams and al., 2009) and qualitative content analyses (Corneliussen, 2008; Huntemann, 2013) identify recurrent sexist tropes in video games, highlighting their problematic aspects. Feminist theories, however, remain underutilized in offering explanations as to why these tropes are harmful, or why there should be more nuanced and diverse gender representations in games.  \nThis article will illustrate how seminal feminist theories can be mobilized to better understand why gender stereotypes in video games are damaging, regardless that these theories originated prior to the digital era. More precisely, Simone de Beauvoir’s “Second Sex”, Luce Irigaray’s concept of women as a “Currency of Exchange” and Betty Friedan’s notion of the “Feminine Mystique” will be used to explain how Ms. Male, Smurfette, Damsel in Distress and Happy Homemaker characters are enmeshed in an outdated patriarchal system. Laura Mulvey’s theory of the “Male Gaze” and Karen Boyle on gendered media violence will respectively be utilized to elucidate why the objectification of female characters in video games is detrimental, and why female characters are commonly portrayed as victims in video games. Barbara Creed’s concept of the “Monstrous Feminine” will be mobilized to show that female monsters in video games often consolidate ancient myths and beliefs about women’s sexuality. Finally, Martine Delvaux’s recent analysis of“Serial Girls” will be introduced to critique repetitive and homogenous representations of female bodies in video games, advertisements, and promotional events.  \nMs Male and Smurfette characters and de Beauvoir’s “Second Sex”  \nSimone de Beauvoir’s concept of the “Second Sex” can be employed to study Ms. Male and Smurfette characters from a critical perspective. In a video broadcast on her website Feminist Frequency, Anita Sarkeesian (2013d) describes the Ms. Male character as a feminine version of  \nKinephanos, ISSN 1916-985X Gender Issues in Video Games, special issue, July 2017 [www.kinephanos.ca](www.kinephanos.ca)  \n25  \nan existing male character, which game designers have modified ","cbCaiivM4m3B3TnM","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiivM4m3B3TnM","pdf",720235,1,30,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## The article’s objective and framework\n## Simone de Beauvoir: Ms. Male and Smurfette\n## Laura Mulvey and gendered objectification\n## Barbara Creed and the Monstrous Feminine\n## Martine Delvaux and Serial Girls","[{\"question\":\"Why does the article say feminist theory is underutilized in game studies?\",\"answer\":\"Because game-studies work often documents sexist tropes, yet rarely uses feminist theoretical frameworks to explain precisely why those tropes are damaging and why more nuanced gender representations are needed.\"},{\"question\":\"Which feminist thinkers are used to analyze gender stereotypes in video games?\",\"answer\":\"The analysis mobilizes Simone de Beauvoir, Luce Irigaray, Betty Friedan, Laura Mulvey, Karen Boyle, Barbara Creed, and Martine Delvaux to address different mechanisms behind stereotyping and representation.\"},{\"question\":\"What problems does the article associate with repeated portrayal of women as victims and with sexual abjection?\",\"answer\":\"It argues that constant victimization and the dismissal or degradation of women’s sexuality contribute to harmful understandings of gender and reinforce stereotyped female bodies across games and related media.\"}]","Gender Issues in Video Games - 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