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This retrospective cohort study used the SEER database to evaluate gender-based differences in overall survival among patients diagnosed from 2000 to 2020. Propensity score matching, Kaplan-Meier estimation, and multivariable Cox regression assessed associations while accounting for selection bias.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/gender-differences-in-prognosis-of-pancreatic-neuroendocrine-tumors-a-retrospective-cohort-study-based-on-the-seer-database/356258/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/gender-differences-in-prognosis-of-pancreatic-neuroendocrine-tumors-a-retrospective-cohort-study-based-on-the-seer-database/356258.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Patrick","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-02","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What data source and study design were used to assess gender-related prognosis in PanNETs?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The study used a retrospective cohort design with patient data extracted from the SEER database for diagnoses between 2000 and 2020.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How did the study address potential selection bias in comparing males and females?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to mitigate selection bias before survival comparisons.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What statistical methods were used to evaluate overall survival differences?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Overall survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariable Cox regression.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},356258,1790387245,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},549758146520,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/80002397d8c0411e94?_k=1775819394049821470","Gender Differences in Prognosis of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Retrospective Cohort Study Based on the SEER Database  \nCancer Control Volume 33: 1-13 © The Author(s) 2026 Article reuse guidelines:  \n[sagepub.com/journals-permissions](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[ ](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[DOI: 10.1177/10732748261417419](DOI: 10.1177/10732748261417419)  \n[journals.sagepub.com/home/ccx](journals.sagepub.com/home/ccx)  \nYining Li, MD 1,*, Shuaiyang Zhou, MD2,*, Qiao Qiao, MD 1, Ke Ji, MD 1, Qin Li, MD3, Zhenguo Qiao, MD2 􀀁, and Ping Zhang, MD3  \nAbstract  \nIntroduction: While gender is a known prognostic factor for many cancers, its specific role in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) survival remains poorly characterized. This study aimed to investigate gender-based differences in PanNETs prognosis using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.  \nMethods: This retrospective cohort study included patients diagnosed with PanNETs between the years 2000 and 2020, extracted from the SEER database. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to mitigate potential selection bias. Overall survival (OS) was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariable Cox regression.  \nResults: Among the 5155 patients included (2814 males, 2341 females), males showed significantly worse OS than females both before (hazard ratio [HR] 1.29, 95% CI 1.14-1.47, P \u003C 0.001) and after (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.02-1.38, P = 0.026) PSM. Subgroup analyses confirmed a consistent OS advantage for females across most categories. Multivariable analysis identified marital status, age, tumor grade, gender, year of diagnosis, N stage, M stage, and surgical intervention as independent predictors of OS. Similar predictors were found in males, whereas in females, marital status, age, grade, N stage, M stage, and surgery were specifically significant.  \nConclusions: Female patients with PanNETs exhibit superior OS rates. Further research is needed to clarify the biological and clinical mechanisms underlying these gender-related disparities.  \nKeywords  \ngender, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, overall survival, SEER  \nReceived: October 21, 2025; revised: December 17, 2025; accepted: January 2, 2026.  \nIntroduction  \nPancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs), which originate from the neuroendocrine cells of the pancreas, constitute a unique category of tumors, accounting for approximately 3% - 5% of all pancreatic neoplasms.1-3 Recent progress in diagnostic techniques and increased recognition of endocrine tumors have led to a rise in the number of identified PanNET cases.4 According to the National Cancer Institute’s registry, the United States reports an estimated 1000 new cases of PanNETs each year.5 Based on their clinical behavior, PanNETs are primarily classified into functional and non-functional types  \n1 Digestive Endoscopy Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China  \n2Department of Gastroenterology, Suzhou Ninth People’s Hospital, Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China  \n3Department of Emergency, Wuxi No. 2 People’s Hospital, Wuxi, China *Yining Li and Shuaiyang Zhou contributed equally to this article.  \nCorresponding Authors:  \nZhenguo Qiao, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Suzhou Ninth People’s Hospital, Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, 2666 Ludang Road, Wujiang District, Suzhou 215200, China.  \nEmail: [qzg66666666@163.com](qzg66666666@163.com)  \nPing Zhang, MD, Department of Emergency, Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital, 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi 214000, China.  \nEmail: [20174132030@stu.suda.edu.cn](20174132030@stu.suda.edu.cn)  \nCreative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons  \nAttribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License ([https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)) which permits non-commercial use,  \nreproduction and distribution of the","cbCaiagWe52517pQ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiagWe52517pQ","pdf",1697237,13,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Methods\n## Study design and data source\n## Statistical analysis\n# Results\n# Conclusions\n# Keywords\n# Authors and Affiliations","[{\"question\":\"What data source and study design were used to assess gender-related prognosis in PanNETs?\",\"answer\":\"The study used a retrospective cohort design with patient data extracted from the SEER database for diagnoses between 2000 and 2020.\"},{\"question\":\"How did the study address potential selection bias in comparing males and females?\",\"answer\":\"Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to mitigate selection bias before survival comparisons.\"},{\"question\":\"What statistical methods were used to evaluate overall survival differences?\",\"answer\":\"Overall survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariable Cox regression.\"}]","Gender Differences in Prognosis of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors - A Retrospective Cohort Study Based on the SEER Database | PDF",1790124275,33]