[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-598040-105":59,"doc-detail-598040-en":134},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":127,"head_meta":129,"extra_data":131,"updated_unix":133},105,"en","gender-differences-in-childrens-language-a-meta-analysis-of-slovenian-studies","Gender Differences in Children’s Language - A Meta-Analysis of Slovenian Studies","","A meta-analysis synthesizes findings from ten Slovenian studies to examine how child gender relates to language development across ages from 8 months to 15 years. The analysis evaluates multiple language domains, including vocabulary size, mean length of utterance, sentence complexity, expression and comprehension, storytelling, and metalinguistic awareness. Effect sizes depend on children’s age and the specific language aspect measured, increasing with age, with significant effects consistently favoring girls. Results are interpreted through language development characteristics and social-cultural factors that may drive gender differences.",{"@graph":69,"@context":126},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/gender-differences-in-childrens-language-a-meta-analysis-of-slovenian-studies/598040/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/gender-differences-in-childrens-language-a-meta-analysis-of-slovenian-studies/598040.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Indoniesian Boy","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118,122],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main aim of the meta-analysis?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To examine how gender affects toddlers’, children’s, and adolescents’ language ability across different developmental ages and multiple language domains in Slovenian studies.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which language abilities were included in the analysis?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Vocabulary size, mean length of utterance, sentence complexity, language expression and comprehension, storytelling ability, and metalinguistic awareness.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How do the meta-analysis results relate to age and the language aspect measured?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Effect sizes increase with children’s age and vary depending on the specific language aspect assessed.",{"name":123,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":124},"Do the findings favor boys or girls?",{"text":125,"@type":113},"All significant effects were in favor of girls.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":128,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":130,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":132,"site_id":62},598040,1792884314,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":135},{"doc_id":132,"user_id":136,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":137,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":138,"file_id":139,"file_url":140,"file_type":141,"file_size":142,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":143,"language":144,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":145,"faqs":146,"seo_title":147,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":148,"read_time":149,"preview_page_count":4},962090760608,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Gender Differences in Children’s Language: A Meta-Analysis of Slovenian Studies  \nLjubica Marjanovič-Umek*1 and Urška Fekonja-Peklaj2  \n• Child gender has been proved to affect toddlers’/children’s language development in several studies, but its effect was not found to be stable across different ages or various aspects of language ability. The effect of gender on toddler’s, children’s and adolescents’ language ability was examined in the present meta-analysis of ten Slovenian studies (nine cross-sectional studies and one longitudinal study). The ten studies were published between 2004 and 2016 and included a total of 3,657 toddlers, children and adolescents, aged from 8 months to 15 years. The language outcome measures refer to different aspects of language ability, including vocabulary, mean length of utterance, sentence complexity, language expression and comprehension, storytelling ability and metalinguistic awareness. Across the studies, language ability was assessed using different approaches and instruments, most of which were standardised on samples of Slovenianspeaking children. Based on the reported arithmetic means and standard deviations, the effect sizes of gender for each of the included studies were calculated, as well as the average effect size of gender across the different studies. The findings of the meta-analysis showed that the effect size of gender on toddlers’/children’s/adolescents’ language largely depended on their age and the aspect of language measured. The effect sizes increased with children’s increasing age. All significant effects proved to be in favour of girls. The findings were interpreted in relation to the characteristics of language development and social cultural factors that can contribute to gender differences in language ability.  \nKeywords: meta-analysis, gender differences, language ability  \n1 * Corresponding Author. University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Arts, Department of Psychology, Slovenia; [ljubica.marjanovic@ff.uni-lj.si](ljubica.marjanovic@ff.uni-lj.si).  \n2 University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Arts, Department of Psychology, Slovenia.  \nRazlike med spoloma v govoru otrok: Metaanaliza slovenskih študij  \nLjubica Marjanovič-Umek in Urška Fekonja-Peklaj  \n• Rezultati več raziskav so pokazali, da ima spol otroka pomemben učinek na govorni razvoj malčkov in otrok, vendar učinek spola ni stabilen prekrazličnih razvojnih obdobjih in za različne vidike govorne kompetentnosti. V tej metaanalizi smo preučevale_i učinek spola na govorno kompetentnost malčic_kov, otrok in mladostnic_kov. Vključevala je 10 slovenskih študij (devet izmed njih je bilo prečnih, ena pa je bila vzdolžna), ki so bile objavljene med letoma 2004 in 2016; skupno so vključevale  \n3.657 malčic_kov, otrok in mladostnic_kov, starih od 8 mesecev do 15 let. Mere govorne kompetentnosti v vključenih raziskavah so bile različnein so vključevale: velikost besednjaka, povprečno dolžino izjave, zapletenost stavkov, govorno izražanje in razumevanje, pripovedovanjezgodbe, metajezikovno zavedanje. Govorna kompetentnost je bila ocenjena z uporabo različnih pristopov in pripomočkov, izmed katerih jebila večina standardizirana na vzorcih slovensko govorečih otrok. Na podlagi aritmetičnih sredin in standardnih odklonov, dobljenih v posamezni raziskavi, sva izračunali velikost učinka spola za vsako izmed njih ter povprečno velikost učinka spola prek vseh raziskav. Rezultati metaraziskave so pokazali, da seje velikost učinka spola na govor malčic_kov, otrok, mladostnic_kov razlikovala glede na njihovo starost in glede naocenjene mere govorne kompetentnosti. Velikost učinka je naraščala z naraščajočo starostjo otrok. Vsi pomembni učinki so bili v prid deklicam. Izsledke smo interpretirale_i v povezavi z značilnostmi govornegarazvoja otrok in socialno-kulturnimi dejavniki okolja, ki lahko prispevajo k razlikam med spoloma v govorni kompetentnosti.  \nKljučne besede: metaanaliza, razlike med spoloma, govorna kompetentnost  \nIntroduction  \n","cbCaioZrAaFPMclY","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioZrAaFPMclY","pdf",177705,15,"English","# Introduction\n## Gender differences across developmental periods\n## Biological and neuroimaging explanations\n## Socialization factors and parental expectations","[{\"question\":\"What is the main aim of the meta-analysis?\",\"answer\":\"To examine how gender affects toddlers’, children’s, and adolescents’ language ability across different developmental ages and multiple language domains in Slovenian studies.\"},{\"question\":\"Which language abilities were included in the analysis?\",\"answer\":\"Vocabulary size, mean length of utterance, sentence complexity, language expression and comprehension, storytelling ability, and metalinguistic awareness.\"},{\"question\":\"How do the meta-analysis results relate to age and the language aspect measured?\",\"answer\":\"Effect sizes increase with children’s age and vary depending on the specific language aspect assessed.\"},{\"question\":\"Do the findings favor boys or girls?\",\"answer\":\"All significant effects were in favor of girls.\"}]","Gender Differences in Children’s Language - A Meta-Analysis of Slovenian Studies | PDF",1792086182,38]