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Covers cell structures and functions in animal, plant and bacterial cells (nucleus, membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes, cell wall, chloroplasts, vacuole, plasmid DNA, flagella), key cell biology terms such as prokaryotic and eukaryotic, and chromosome and haploid meanings. Includes microscopy advantages, egg cell features after fertilisation, and practical unit-ordering of nanometres, millimetres and picometres.","Biology facts to learn for GCSE. Remember paper 1 will have questions on topics 1,2,3,4,5 and paper 2 will have questions on topics 1,6,7,8,9 .  \nGet someone to ask you these questions until you get all the answers right. Questions in bold are for the Higher Paper only.  \nTopic 1 (can be tested on Paper 1 and Paper 2)  \n\n| Q | Topic 1 Questions | Q | Topic 1 answers |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 1 | Why do animal and plant cells have a nucleus? | 1 | To store the genetic information |\n| 2 | Why do animal, plant and bacterial cells have a cell membrane? | 2 | To control what substances enter and leave the cell |\n| 3 | Why do animal and plant cells have mitochondria? | 3 | For aerobic respiration to release energy |\n| 4 | Why do animal, plant and bacterial cells have ribosomes? | 4 | To make proteins |\n| 5 | Why do plant and bacterial cells have a cell wall? | 5 | For strength and support |\n| 6 | Why do plant cells have chloroplasts? | 6 | For photosynthesis |\n| 7 | Why do plant cells have a large vacuole? | 7 | To store sap |\n| 8 | Why do bacterial cells have plasmid DNA? | 8 | For antibiotic resistance |\n| 9 | Why do some bacterial cells have flagella? | 9 | For movement |\n| 10 | What do you call cells like bacteria that have no nucleus? | 10 | Prokaryotic |\n| 11 | What do you call cells like animal and plant cells that do have a nucleus? | 11 | Eukaryotic |\n| 12 | What is the role of chromosomal DNA? | 12 | Carries the genes |\n| 13 | What is the function of the acrosome of a sperm cell? | 13 | Contains enzymes to help the sperm penetrate the egg. |\n| 14 | Sperm cells and egg cells are haploid. What does haploid mean? | 14 | Half the usual number of chromosomes |\n| 15 | Why does the cell membrane of an egg cell change after fertilisation? | 15 | To stop another sperm entering the egg |\n| 16 | What will be abundant in the cytoplasm of an egg cell? | 16 | Nutrients |\n| 17 | What are cilia on the surface of ciliated epithelial cells? | 17 | Tiny hairs |\n| 18 | What do cilia do on the surface on ciliated cells lining the airways? | 18 | Move mucus up to the throat |\n| 19 | What are the two main advantages of an electron microscope? | 19 | Higher magnification and higher resolution |\n| 20 | Put these units in order of size starting with the largest: nanometres, millimetres, picometres, micrometres. | 20 | Millimetres, micrometres, nanometres, picometres. |\n\n\n| Q | Topic 1 Questions continued | Q | Topic 1 answers continued |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 21 | How many micrometres in a millimetre? | 21 | 1000 (one thousand) |\n| 22 | How many nanometres in a millimetre? | 22 | 1,000,000 (one million) |\n| 23 | How many picometres in a millimetre? | 23 | 1,000,000,000 (one billion) |\n| 24 | What is an enzyme? | 24 | A biological catalyst |\n| 25 | What is the name of the substance that binds to the active site of an enzyme? | 25 | Substrate |\n| 26 | Where does the substrate bind to an enzyme? | 26 | Active site |\n| 27 | What happens if you heat an enzyme to very high temperatures? | 27 | It denatures |\n| 28 | What is meant by the term optimum pH or optimum temperature for an enzyme? | 28 | Best (pH or temperature where enzyme works fastest) |\n| 29 | Why does increasing the substrate concentration increase the rate of an enzyme reaction? | 29 | More frequent collisions (between active site and substrate) |\n| 30 | What does the enzyme amylase digest starch into? | 30 | Sugar (glucose) |\n| 31 | What does the enzyme protease digest protein into? | 31 | Amino acids |\n| 32 | What does the enzyme lipase digest fats into? | 32 | Fatty acids and glycerol |\n| 33 | What do enzymes link together to make starch? | 33 | Glucose |\n| 34 | What do enzymes link together to make protein? | 34 | Amino acids |\n| 35 | What do enzymes link together to make fats? | 35 | Fatty acids and glycerol |\n| 36 | Define diffusion | 36 | Process where substances move from a higher concentration to a lower concentration |\n| 37 | Define osmosis | 37 | Process where water mov","cbCaiq6ktPaTIDgb","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiq6ktPaTIDgb","pdf",419616,1,2,"English","en",105,"# Topic 1 - Cells, Enzymes and Movement\n## Cell structures and functions\n## Enzymes and reactions\n## Diffusion, osmosis and active transport\n## Microscopy, units and key definitions","[{\"question\":\"Which topics does this revision focus on for GCSE Biology Paper 1 and Paper 2?\",\"answer\":\"This resource focuses on Topic 1, which can be tested on both Paper 1 and Paper 2. Paper 1 covers topics 1–5, while Paper 2 covers topics 1 and 6–9.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the main functions of key cell structures in Topic 1?\",\"answer\":\"It explains that nuclei store genetic information, cell membranes control substances entering and leaving, mitochondria release energy via aerobic respiration, and ribosomes make proteins. It also covers chloroplasts for photosynthesis and cell walls for strength and support.\"},{\"question\":\"What do diffusion, osmosis, and active transport mean?\",\"answer\":\"Diffusion is movement of substances from higher to lower concentration. Osmosis is movement of water from higher to lower concentration through a partially permeable membrane. Active transport moves substances from lower to higher concentration using energy.\"}]","GCSE Biology - Topic 1 - Revision Questions and Answers | PDF",1788602209,5,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":85,"head_meta":87,"extra_data":89,"updated_unix":28},"gcse-biology-topic-1-revision-questions-and-answers","",{"@graph":36,"@context":84},[37,52,67],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,47,50],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",{"item":48,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":49},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":51,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":11},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/gcse-biology-topic-1-revision-questions-and-answers/208027/",{"url":51,"name":13,"@type":53,"author":54,"headline":13,"publisher":56,"fileFormat":59,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":60,"datePublished":61,"encodingFormat":59,"isAccessibleForFree":62,"interactionStatistic":63},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":55},"Person",{"url":41,"name":57,"@type":58},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-06","2026-09-05",true,{"@type":64,"interactionType":65,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":66},"ViewAction",{"@type":68,"mainEntity":69},"FAQPage",[70,76,80],{"name":71,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":73},"Which topics does this revision focus on for GCSE Biology Paper 1 and Paper 2?","Question",{"text":74,"@type":75},"This resource focuses on Topic 1, which can be tested on both Paper 1 and Paper 2. 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