[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-208052-en":3,"doc-seo-208052-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":90},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},208052,687197207057,"Sage","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0",4,"Exam","GCSE Biology - Higher Tier Paper 1H - Specimen 2018","GCSE Biology (Higher Tier) Specimen 2018 Paper 1H assesses core biological knowledge through structured questions. Topics include plant transport of water and mineral ions, stomata distribution and data interpretation, median and mean calculations, and the advantages of low stomata density. Additional questions address tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), its effects on chlorophyll and plant growth, and practical testing for glucose. Microbial defense mechanisms and drug testing for Ebola are also examined.","SPECIMEN MATERIAL  \nGCSE BIOLOGY  \nHigher Tier Paper 1H  \nH  \nSpecimen 2018 Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes  \nMaterials  \nFor this paper you must have:  \n• a ruler  \n• a calculator.  \nInstructions  \n• Answer all questions in the spaces provided.  \n• Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked.  \nInformation  \n• There are 100 marks available on this paper.  \n• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.  \n• You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate.  \n• You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers.  \n• When answering questions 02.4 , 03.2 , and 10 you need to make sure that your answer:‒ is clear, logical, sensibly structured  \n‒ fully meets the requirements of the question  \n‒ shows that each separate point or step supports the overall answer.  \nAdvice  \nIn all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer.  \n\n| Please write clearly, in block capitals. |  |  |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Centre number |  | | Candidate number | |\n| Surname | |  |  |  |\n| Forename(s)  Candidate signature   |  |  |  |  |\n\nThere are no questions printed on this page  \n0  1 Plants transport water and mineral ions from the roots to the leaves.  \n0  1 . 1 Plants move mineral ions:  \n• from a low concentration in the soil  \n• to a high concentration in the root cells.  \nWhat process do plants use to move these minerals ions into root cells?  \n[ 1 mark]  \nTick one box.  \nActive transport   \nDiffusion   \nEvaporation   \nOsmosis   \n0  1 . 2 Describe how water moves from roots to the leaves.  \n[2 marks]  \n|  |\n| --- |\n|  |\n|  |\n\nQuestion 1 continues on the next page  \nPlants lose water through the stomata in the leaves. The epidermis can be peeled from a leaf.  \nThe stomata can be seen using a light microscope.  \nTable 1 shows the data a student collected from five areas on one leaf.  \nTable 1  \n\n| Leaf\u003Cbr>area | Number of stomata |  |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n|  | Upper surface | Lower surface |\n| 1 | 3 | 44 |\n| 2 | 0 | 41 |\n| 3 | 1 | 40 |\n| 4 | 5 | 42 |\n| 5 | 1 | 39 |\n| Mean | 2 | X |\n\n0  1 . 3 Describe how the student might have collected the data in Table 1.  \n[3 marks]  \n|  |\n| --- |\n|  |\n|  |\n|  |\n|  |\n|  |\n|  |\n\n0  1 . 4 What is the median number of stomata on the upper surface of the leaf?  \n[ 1 mark]  \n0  1 . 5 Calculate the value of X in Table 1.  \nGive your answer to 2 significant figures.  \n[2 marks]  \nMean number of stomata on lower surface of leaf =    \n0  1 . 6 The plant used in this investigation has very few stomata on the upper surface of the leaf.  \nExplain why this is an advantage to the plant.  \n[2 marks]  \n|  |\n| --- |\n|  |\n|  |\n\nTurn over for the next question  \n0  2 Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a disease affecting plants.  \nFigure 1 shows a leaf infected with TMV.  \nFigure 1  \n0  2 . 1 All tools should be washed in disinfectant after using them on plants infected with TMV.  \nSuggest why.  \n[1 mark]  \n0  2 . 2 Scientists produced a single plant that contained a TMV-resistant gene.  \nSuggest how scientists can use this plant to produce many plants with the TMV-resistant gene.  \n[ 1 mark]  \n0  2 . 3 Some plants produce fruits which contain glucose.  \nDescribe how you would test for the presence of glucose in fruit.  \n[2 marks]  \n|  |\n| --- |\n|  |\n|  |\n\n0  2 . 4 TMV can cause plants to produce less chlorophyll.  \nThis causes leaf discoloration.  \nExplain why plants with TMV have stunted growth.  \n[4 marks]  \n|  |\n| --- |\n|  |\n|  |\n|  |\n|  |\n|  |\n|  |\n|  |\n|  |\n\nTurn over for the next question  \n0  3 Microorganisms cause infections.  \nThe human body has many ways of defending itself against microorganisms.  \n0  3 . 1 Describe two ways the body prevents the entry of microorganisms.  \n[2 marks]  \n1    \n2  \n0  3 . 2 In 2014 the Ebola virus killed almost 8 000 people in Africa.  \nDrug companies have developed a new drug to treat Ebola.  \nExplain what testing must be done before this new drug can be used to treat people.  \n[6 mark","cbCaifvTr7sTbCmB","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifvTr7sTbCmB","pdf",430006,1,36,"English","en",105,"# Plants transport water and mineral ions\n## Active transport and mineral movement\n## Water movement from roots to leaves\n## Collecting data on stomata distribution\n## Median and mean calculations\n## Advantage of few upper-surface stomata\n# Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)\n## Disinfecting tools after infection\n## Using a TMV-resistant gene to produce many plants\n## Testing fruit for glucose\n## Explaining stunted growth from reduced chlorophyll\n# Microorganisms and human defense\n## Preventing entry of microorganisms\n## Testing required before an Ebola drug can be used","[{\"question\":\"What process moves mineral ions from low concentration in soil into root cells?\",\"answer\":\"Active transport moves mineral ions from a low concentration in the soil into a high concentration in root cells.\"},{\"question\":\"How can water move from roots to leaves according to the exam question?\",\"answer\":\"Water moves from roots to leaves through the plant’s transport pathway, driven by evaporation from stomata and movement up through xylem.\"},{\"question\":\"What testing must be done before a new Ebola drug can be used to treat people?\",\"answer\":\"Before treating people, the drug must be tested through stages of trials to check safety and effectiveness, following established regulatory testing procedures.\"}]","GCSE Biology - 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