[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-208007-en":3,"doc-seo-208007-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":90},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":20,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},208007,19241457091524,"Gelato","https://us-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c",4,"Exam","GCSE AQA Chemistry Paper 1 Cheat Sheet - Chemical Reactions - Atomic Structure","Concise GCSE AQA Chemistry Paper 1 cheat sheet covering core exam topics for rapid revision. Summarises key concepts in chemical reactions, including definitions of elements, compounds, mixtures and the conservation of mass, plus essential separation methods such as filtration, evaporation, distillation, fractional distillation and chromatography. Explains states of matter with particle ideas and phase-change processes, then introduces atomic structure, models of the atom, subatomic particles, atomic and mass numbers, isotopes and the development of the periodic table.","GCSE AQA Chemistry Paper 1 Cheat Sheet  \n[by](by Cheetography via cheatography.com/203278/cs/43417/)[ Cheetography](by Cheetography via cheatography.com/203278/cs/43417/)[ via](by Cheetography via cheatography.com/203278/cs/43417/)[ cheatography.com/203278/cs/43417/](by Cheetography via cheatography.com/203278/cs/43417/)  \nChemical Reactions  \n\n| \u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>Element a substance containing only one type of atom eg Mg , O2\u003Cbr>Compound a substance containing two or more different types of atoms that are CHEMICALLY BONDED\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>Equations must be balanced due to the PRINCIPLE OF CONSERVATION OF MASS\u003Cbr>Mixtures & Separation Techniques |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| \u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>Filtration removes large , insoluble particles [from a liquid. eg](from a liquid. eg), sand from water\u003Cbr>Evapor‐ ation leaves behind crystals of a dissolved substance (solute) if heated gently (CRYSTALLI‐ SATION) Distil‐ involves condensin the lation evaported solvent and collecting it Fractional can separate liquids due to Distil‐\u003Cbr>lation their different boiling points Chroma‐\u003Cbr>tography causes substance to rise up due to CAPILLARY ACTION. Lighter particles move further up (links to paper 2)\u003Cbr>States of Matter |  |\n| Solid | -particles in regular arrangement (lattice)\u003Cbr>-vibrate about FIXED POSITIONS\u003Cbr>-cannot be compressed |\n| Liquids | -particles have no regular arrang‐ ement\u003Cbr>-able to move past each other\u003Cbr>-cannot be compressed |\n\nBy Cheetography  \n[cheatography.com/cheetography/](cheatography.com/cheetography/)  \nStates of Matter (cont)  \n\n| Gas | -particles are far apart\u003Cbr>-move randomly at fast speeds (high energy)\u003Cbr>-can be compressed |\n| --- | --- |\n| Solid-- >\u003Cbr>Liquid | melting |\n| Liquid-- > Gas | evaporation or boiling |\n| Gas-- >\u003Cbr>Liquid | condensing |\n| Liquid-- > Solid | freezing or solidification |\n| Solid \u003C -- > Gas | sublimation |\n| Physical Change | no new substance made |\n| Energy (heat) is needed to overcome the ELECTROSTATIC FORCES OF ATTRACTION between particles to melt/e‐ vaporate substances\u003Cbr>Atomic Structure |  |\n| \u003Cbr>Ancient Greeks\u003Cbr>JJ\u003Cbr>Thomson | \u003Cbr>thought that matter was made of small indivisible particles\u003Cbr>-plum pudding model\u003Cbr>-a ball of an overall positive charge\u003Cbr>-small , negatively charged electrons embedded throughout |\n| Ernest Rutherford | -discovered that the nucleus was small and positively charged\u003Cbr>-gold leaf alpha scattering experiment\u003Cbr>-most particles went straight through but some were deflected back\u003Cbr>-cloud of electrons surrou‐ nding nucleus |\n| Neils Bohr | -electrons exist in \"shells\" |\n\nNot published yet.  \nLast updated 16th May , 2024. Page 1 of 2.  \nAtomic Structure (cont)  \n\n| James Chadwick -nucleus must contain protons and neutrons --------------------------------------------------------\u003Cbr>---------- Subatomic Particle Relative\u003Cbr>Charge Relative Mass proton +1 1 neutron 0 1 electron -1 0 (very\u003Cbr>small)\u003Cbr>Atomic & Mass Numbers |\n| --- |\n| \u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>Mass Number\u003Cbr>(Ar)\u003Cbr>-top number\u003Cbr>-number of protons + neutrons in a nucleus\u003Cbr>Atomic Number\u003Cbr>-bottom number\u003Cbr>-number of protons in a nucleus\u003Cbr>-an atom must also have this number of electrons in order tobe neutral. If not , it is an ion instead.\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>Some mass numbers are not whole\u003Cbr>numbers because the Ar is an AVERAGE of\u003Cbr>all isotopes\u003Cbr>average mass = total mass of 100 atoms/100\u003Cbr>Development of the Periodic Table |\n| \u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>The elements were initially ordered according to their ATOMIC \"WEIGHT\"even though grouped together due to having SIMILAR PROPERTIES\u003Cbr>DMITRI MENDELEEV realised that it made more sense to swap/reverse the order of some elements\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>His table had gaps in , which he predicted would be for elements not yet discovered\u003Cbr>In time , this table was proven largely\u003Cbr>correct due to PEER REVIEW and so it is\u003Cbr>not the basis of the modern periodic table |\n\nSponsored by Readable.com Measure your website readability!  \n[https://readable.com](https://readable.com)  \nGCSE AQA Chemistry Paper 1 Cheat Sheet  \n[by](by","cbCaipDMX5qrRevn","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipDMX5qrRevn","pdf",44540,2,1,"English","en",105,"# Chemical Reactions\n## Mixtures & Separation Techniques\n# States of Matter\n## Physical Change\n# Atomic Structure\n## Atomic & Mass Numbers\n## Development of the Periodic Table\n# Metals & Non-Metals\n## Groups 1, 7 and 0","[{\"question\":\"What are the key definitions of element, compound and mixture in the cheat sheet?\",\"answer\":\"An element contains only one type of atom. A compound contains two or more different types of atoms that are chemically bonded. Mixtures are combinations of substances that are not chemically bonded.\"},{\"question\":\"Which separation methods are covered, and what is each used for?\",\"answer\":\"Filtration removes large insoluble particles from a liquid. Evaporation can leave crystals from a dissolved solute, while distillation separates based on boiling/condensing. Fractional distillation separates liquids using different boiling points, and chromatography separates substances as they move up a medium via capillary action.\"},{\"question\":\"How do atomic number and mass number relate to protons, neutrons and electrons?\",\"answer\":\"Mass number equals the total protons plus neutrons in the nucleus (Ar). Atomic number equals the number of protons. For a neutral atom, the number of electrons must match the atomic number; otherwise the atom becomes an ion.\"}]","GCSE AQA Chemistry Paper 1 Cheat Sheet - Chemical Reactions - Atomic Structure | PDF",1788602066,5,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":85,"head_meta":87,"extra_data":89,"updated_unix":28},"gcse-aqa-chemistry-paper-1-cheat-sheet-chemical-reactions-atomic-structure","",{"@graph":36,"@context":84},[37,52,67],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,47,50],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",{"item":48,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":49},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":51,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":11},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/gcse-aqa-chemistry-paper-1-cheat-sheet-chemical-reactions-atomic-structure/208007/",{"url":51,"name":13,"@type":53,"author":54,"headline":13,"publisher":56,"fileFormat":59,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":60,"datePublished":61,"encodingFormat":59,"isAccessibleForFree":62,"interactionStatistic":63},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":55},"Person",{"url":41,"name":57,"@type":58},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-06","2026-09-05",true,{"@type":64,"interactionType":65,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":66},"ViewAction",{"@type":68,"mainEntity":69},"FAQPage",[70,76,80],{"name":71,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":73},"What are the key definitions of element, compound and mixture in the cheat sheet?","Question",{"text":74,"@type":75},"An element contains only one type of atom. A compound contains two or more different types of atoms that are chemically bonded. Mixtures are combinations of substances that are not chemically bonded.","Answer",{"name":77,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":78},"Which separation methods are covered, and what is each used for?",{"text":79,"@type":75},"Filtration removes large insoluble particles from a liquid. Evaporation can leave crystals from a dissolved solute, while distillation separates based on boiling/condensing. Fractional distillation separates liquids using different boiling points, and chromatography separates substances as they move up a medium via capillary action.",{"name":81,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":82},"How do atomic number and mass number relate to protons, neutrons and electrons?",{"text":83,"@type":75},"Mass number equals the total protons plus neutrons in the nucleus (Ar). Atomic number equals the number of protons. For a neutral atom, the number of electrons must match the atomic number; otherwise the atom becomes an ion.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":51,"og:type":86,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":57,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":88,"canonical":51},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":91},[92,96,100,103,107,112,117,122,127,130,134],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":101,"slug":102},70,"exam",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":104,"show_sort_weight":105,"slug":106},"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":108,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":109,"show_sort_weight":110,"slug":111},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":113,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":114,"show_sort_weight":115,"slug":116},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":119,"show_sort_weight":120,"slug":121},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":126},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":129},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":131,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":132,"show_sort_weight":131,"slug":133},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":135,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":136,"show_sort_weight":29,"slug":137},19,"General","general"]