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Medicine and Drug Screening  \nZhenjie Yang 1, Jun Yu 1,2, * and Chi Chun Wong 1,2, *  \n1 Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; [1155113966@link.cuhk.edu.hk](1155113966@link.cuhk.edu.hk)  \n2 Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China  \n* [Correspondence: junyu@cuhk.edu.hk](Correspondence: junyu@cuhk.edu.hk) (J.Y.); [chichun.wong@cuhk.edu.hk](chichun.wong@cuhk.edu.hk) (C.C.W.); Tel.: +852-37636099 (J.Y.); Fax: +852-21445330 (J.Y. & C.C.W.)  \nAbstract: Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Around one-third of the total global cancer incidence and mortality are related to gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. Over the past few years, rapid developments have been made in patient-derived organoid (PDO) models for gastrointestinal cancers. By closely mimicking the molecular properties of their parent tumors in vitro, PDOs have emerged as powerful tools in personalized medicine and drug discovery. Here, we review the current literature on the application of PDOs of common gastrointestinal cancers in the optimization of drug treatment strategies in the clinic and their rising importance in pre-clinical drug development. We discuss the advantages and limitations of gastrointestinal cancer PDOs and outline the microfluidics-based strategies that improve the throughput of PDO models in order to extract the maximal benefits in the personalized medicine and drug discovery process.  \nCitation: Yang, Z.; Yu, J.; Wong, C.C. Gastrointestinal Cancer Patient Derived Organoids at the Frontier of Personalized Medicine and Drug Screening. Cells 2024, 13, 1312 . [https://doi.org/10.3390/](https://doi.org/10.3390/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3390/)cells13161312  \nAcademic Editor: Bruce A. Bunnell  \nReceived: 13 June 2024  \nRevised: 31 July 2024  \nAccepted: 1 August 2024  \nPublished: 6 August 2024  \nCopyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \nKeywords: gastrointestinal cancer; patient-derived organoids; drug screening; personalized medicine  \n1. Introduction  \nCancer is the second leading cause of death globally. Gastrointestinal cancers account for about one-third of the global cancer incidence. Among gastrointestinal cancers, colorectal cancer (9.4%), liver cancer (8.3%), and gastric cancer (7.7%) ranked second, third, and fourth as the leading causes of global cancer-related deaths, respectively, in 2020 [1] . In the USA, the 5-year survival of patients with colorectal, gastric, liver, esophageal, and pancreatic cancer was only 65%, 32%, 20%, 20%, and 10%, respectively, for the period of 2010–2016. Besides, the efficacy of current therapies for patients with gastrointestinal cancer varies a lot [2–7] . This necessitates the development of personalized therapy and drug screening in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. However, cancer drug discovery in clinical trials often has high failure rates, mainly owing to the poor predictive power of existing preclinical models [8–10] . Although animal models have offered a huge contribution to the development of new medications, improved testing methods bridging the gap between preclinical animal models and the human body are urgently needed to better predict drug efficacy and safety in humans efficiently and reliably [11–13] .  \nRecent studies have clearly demonstrated the utility of organoid models for dr","cbCaiiaa7IAVQqKE","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiiaa7IAVQqKE","pdf",1489409,18,"English","# Introduction\n## Establishment of Gastrointestinal Cancer PDOs","[{\"question\":\"Why are patient-derived organoids (PDOs) considered valuable for gastrointestinal cancer research?\",\"answer\":\"PDOs closely mimic molecular properties of the parent tumors in vitro, enabling more personalized approaches and supporting drug discovery efforts.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the review focus on regarding PDOs in personalized medicine and drug development?\",\"answer\":\"It summarizes current literature on how PDOs of common GI cancers optimize drug treatment strategies in the clinic and their growing role in pre-clinical drug development.\"},{\"question\":\"How do microfluidics-based strategies contribute to PDO model performance?\",\"answer\":\"They improve the throughput of PDO models, helping extract maximal benefits during personalized medicine and drug discovery workflows.\"}]","Gastrointestinal Cancer Patient Derived Organoids at the Frontier of Personalized Medicine and Drug Screening | PDF",1790003592,45]