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Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is effective, and ongoing trials evaluate immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and combination strategies.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/gastroenteropancreatic-neuroendocrine-neoplasms-epidemiology-genetics-and-treatment/336863/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/gastroenteropancreatic-neuroendocrine-neoplasms-epidemiology-genetics-and-treatment/336863.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"River Wang","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",7,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What factors make GEP NEN increasingly significant in clinical care?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The incidence of GEP NEN is rising rapidly and shows important regional, site-specific, and gender-based variations, making it a growing clinical consideration.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How is GEP NEN generally managed?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Treatment is diverse; surgery remains the primary option for most cases, while PRRT is an effective therapy. 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Endocrinol. 15:1424839 .  \ndoi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1424839  \nCOPYRIGHT  \n© 2024 Tan, Zhang and Chen. This is an openaccess article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.  \nGastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms:  \nepidemiology, genetics, and treatment  \nBaizhou Tan 1,2†, Beiyu Zhang 1,2† and Hongping Chen 1,3*  \n1 Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China, 2Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China, 3Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Experimental Animals, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China  \nThe incidence of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP NEN) is increasing at a rapid pace and is becoming an increasingly important consideration in clinical care. Epidemiological data from multiple countries indicate that the incidence of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP NEN) exhibits regional, site-specific, and gender-based variations. While the genetics and pathogenesis of some GEP NEN, particularly pancreatic NENs, have been investigated, there are still many mechanisms that require further investigation. The management of GEP NEN is diverse, but surgery remains the primary option for most cases. Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is an effective treatment, and several clinical trials are exploring the potential of immunotherapy and targeted therapy, as well as combination therapy.  \nKEYWORDS  \ngastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm, epidemiology, treatment, neuroendocrine tumor, genetics  \n1 Introduction  \nNeuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN) is a heterogeneous group of tumors originating from the diffuse neuroendocrine system (1) . NEN can be present in any part of the body and can lead to various hormonal syndromes (2) . The gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) NEN represents the most prevalent site of NEN, accounting for approximately 55% to 70% of the total number of NEN cases (3, 4) . GEP NEN is primarily observed in the foregut, midgut, and hindgut (5). NEN can manifest in other locations, including the lungs, thymus, parathyroid, thyroid, adrenal glands, and pituitary glands (6). Furthermore, approximately 10% of NEN cases are associated with genetic syndromes, including multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, von Hippel-Lindau and neurofibromatosis type 1 (7) .  \nFrontiers in Endocrinology 01 [frontiersin.org](frontiersin.org)  \nThe occurrence of GEP NEN is rare (1) . However, the global incidence of NENs has increased markedly over the past few decades, particularly in North America, and the clinical significance of NENs is becoming increasingly important (8, 9) . The data from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program show a 6.4-fold increase in the incidence of NEN in the United States between 1973 and 2012, and the trend is more pronounced for NEN than for other tumor ","cbCaipuGCGSNC21e","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipuGCGSNC21e","pdf",2785891,"English","# Introduction\n# 2022 WHO classification\n## Nomenclature and classification updates","[{\"question\":\"What factors make GEP NEN increasingly significant in clinical care?\",\"answer\":\"The incidence of GEP NEN is rising rapidly and shows important regional, site-specific, and gender-based variations, making it a growing clinical consideration.\"},{\"question\":\"How is GEP NEN generally managed?\",\"answer\":\"Treatment is diverse; surgery remains the primary option for most cases, while PRRT is an effective therapy. Clinical trials are also exploring immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and combination approaches.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the review emphasize about genetics and pathogenesis?\",\"answer\":\"Although some mechanisms have been investigated—particularly for pancreatic NEN—many genetic and pathogenic processes still require further study.\"}]","Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms - epidemiology, genetics, and treatment | PDF",1790016903,48]