[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-664894-105":59,"doc-detail-664894-en":129},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":122,"head_meta":124,"extra_data":126,"updated_unix":128},105,"en","games-in-urban-planning-the-power-of-a-playful-public-participation","Games in Urban Planning - The Power of a Playful Public Participation","","Online public participation in spatial planning has gained attention through web-based tools like discussions, surveys, forums, workshops, and map-based GIS interactions, yet real-world implementation remains slow. The article explains citizens’ rational ignorance as a consequence of high learning and participation costs and perceived inability to influence outcomes. It then proposes playful public participation (PPP), using serious games to create pleasure, emotional engagement, and subconscious involvement. The paper explores how to design PPP environments that motivate learning, blogging, chatting, and voting.",{"@graph":69,"@context":121},[70,84,104],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/games-in-urban-planning-the-power-of-a-playful-public-participation/664894/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":98,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":99,"interactionStatistic":100},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/games-in-urban-planning-the-power-of-a-playful-public-participation/664894.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Fishy","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29",true,{"@type":101,"interactionType":102,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":103},"ViewAction",{"@type":105,"mainEntity":106},"FAQPage",[107,113,117],{"name":108,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":110},"Why is public participation in spatial planning often limited?","Question",{"text":111,"@type":112},"The article attributes it to “rational ignorance,” where citizens avoid participation because learning and information costs are high while expected personal benefits are low.","Answer",{"name":114,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":115},"What online participation tools are discussed?",{"text":116,"@type":112},"It mentions online discussions, web surveys, forums, virtual workshops and conferences, email exchange, and online map-based discussions, often extended with GIS and PP GIS.",{"name":118,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":119},"What is playful public participation (PPP) and how does it help?",{"text":120,"@type":112},"PPP uses games and play as stimulating computer-based tools to involve citizens emotionally and subconsciously, aiming to increase engagement in serious planning processes.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":123,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":125,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":127,"site_id":62},664894,1793278559,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":130},{"doc_id":127,"user_id":131,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":44,"language":138,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":139,"faqs":140,"seo_title":141,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":128,"read_time":142},14431098389841,"https://eur-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Games in Urban Planning: The Power of a Playful Public Participation  \nAlenka KREK  \n(Alenka KREK, HafenCity University Hamburg, Schwarzenbergstraße 95/D 21073 Hamburg, [alenka.krek@hcu-hamburg.de](alenka.krek@hcu-hamburg.de))  \n1 INTRODUCTION  \nOnline based public participation in spatial planning became a very popular research field. Innovative emerging technological possibilities in the field of web-based applications support new forms of communication among citizens, planners and public authorities. They include online discussions, web surveys, online forums, virtual workshops and conferences, exchange of e-mails, and online map-based discussions. Additionally to that they can be extended by the geographical information systems (GIS) and integrated in a public participatory GIS (PP GIS) . These new developments and theoretical discussions related to the concepts of PP GIS promise new quality in public participatory processes. In spite of this we observe a very slow development of the real-world practical applications and its implementation within the spatial public participatory process. Public authorities and planners are afraid of the new possibilities, their technical capabilities and possible transparency of the planning processes that can be achieved with the use of new technologies. Many rational citizens still prefer to ignore public participatory processes.  \nThe citizens are rationally ignorant because the cost of learning about the new plans and planned alternatives cost them a high investment (Krek 2005) . The high cost is the result of their investment in gaining information about the plan, planned alternatives, studying the plans, attending the meetings, talking to the neighbours and the experts. It includes phases of learning, processing the learned information and deciding about the own opinion in this particular planning situation. For most citizens the personal benefit of getting involved in planning activities and learning how to use new technological tool is usually little and the cost of participation is high. Besides, citizens feel that they cannot really influence the final planning decisions. In such cases, they decide to ignore the possibility of involvement and participation. We say that these poorly informed citizens are rationally ignorant.  \nThis article concentrates on the concept of a playful public participation (PPP), games and play and their potential use within the public participatory processes in planning. It addresses a non-rational level of the human being. It is about possible use of games as a stimulating computer-based tool that can potentially involve the citizens in serious public participatory processes. The main potential of applying this method lies in the pleasure of use and learning about the environment and the planned activities. We stress the emotional effect of the concentration that keeps the attention of the citizens and involve them in the public participatory process on a non-rational level. Games have the power of involving the citizens in the serious processes without thinking and rationalizing about them. They touch them on a subconscious level and attract in a playful, pleasant way. We call it “the power of participation without participation” being inspired by Blink (Gladwell 2005), the book with a sub-title “the power of thinking without thinking”.  \nThe issues involved are how can we design serious games in which the citizens play and enjoy, learn and participate. How to create a playful public participatory (PPP) environment which induces a pleasure of coming to the planning participatory web space, publishing web blogs about the neighbourhood, chatting with planners and voting for the best location of a swimming pool? This paper is an initial exploration of the idea of a playful public participation and its possible implementations.  \n2 CURRENT ISSUES  \nThe general problem of public participation in spatial planning is a lack of the citizen’s interest for suc","cbCairnwn75FkTW5","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairnwn75FkTW5","pdf",439142,"English","# Introduction\n## Rational Ignorance\n# Current Issues\n## Rational Ignorance","[{\"question\":\"Why is public participation in spatial planning often limited?\",\"answer\":\"The article attributes it to “rational ignorance,” where citizens avoid participation because learning and information costs are high while expected personal benefits are low.\"},{\"question\":\"What online participation tools are discussed?\",\"answer\":\"It mentions online discussions, web surveys, forums, virtual workshops and conferences, email exchange, and online map-based discussions, often extended with GIS and PP GIS.\"},{\"question\":\"What is playful public participation (PPP) and how does it help?\",\"answer\":\"PPP uses games and play as stimulating computer-based tools to involve citizens emotionally and subconsciously, aiming to increase engagement in serious planning processes.\"}]","Games in Urban Planning - The Power of a Playful Public Participation | PDF",23]