[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-156895-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-156895-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","galle-crater-aka-happy-face-mars-express-hrsc-images","Galle Crater aka 'Happy Face' - Mars Express HRSC images","","Galle Crater on Mars, informally called the “Happy Face” crater, is shown through High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) imagery from ESA’s Mars Express spacecraft. The images cover multiple orbits and provide perspective views, close-ups, and false-colour mosaics at resolutions roughly between 10–20 m per pixel (and ~50 m per pixel for internet display). The 230 km-diameter impact crater lies east of Argyre Planitia, with layered southern outcrops and gullies that may indicate past liquid water. The document also summarizes imaging composition and HRSC processing, plus contact details for enquiries.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/galle-crater-aka-happy-face-mars-express-hrsc-images/156895/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/galle-crater-aka-happy-face-mars-express-hrsc-images/156895.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Cipher","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-24","2026-08-29",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",10,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What is Galle Crater and why is it called “Happy Face”?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Galle Crater is an impact crater on Mars. It is informally known as the “Happy Face” crater because the “face” was first identified in images from NASA’s Viking Orbiter 1 mission.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"Which spacecraft and instrument captured the images?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The images were taken by the DLR-operated High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) onboard ESA’s Mars Express spacecraft.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What geological features are highlighted in the crater?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The images show layered sediment outcrops in the southern part of the crater and several parallel gullies on the inner crater walls, which may be evidence of liquid water on Mars.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},156895,1787968559,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,111,115,120,123,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":55,"slug":125},"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":112,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":97,"language":139,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":80,"read_time":143,"preview_page_count":4},687208528416,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","| News Archive until 2007\u003Cbr>Galle Crater aka 'Happy\u003Cbr>10 April 2006 | Face' |\n| --- | --- |\n| \u003Cbr>|  |\n| \u003Cbr>Crater Galle, false-colour close-up mosaic |  |\n|  |  |\n| \u003Cbr>|  |\n| \u003Cbr>Southern aspect of Crater Galle, perspective view |  |\n|  |  |\n\nGalle Crater aka 'Happy Face' 1 / 5  \nCrater Galle, perspective view  \nCrater Galle, close-up view  \nCrater Galle, false-colour mosaic  \nCrater Galle, 'Happy Face' crater, on Mars  \nThese images, taken by the DLR-operated High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) onboard ESA's Mars Express spacecraft, show the Galle Crater, an impact crater located on the eastern rim of the Argyre Planitia impact basin on Mars. Crater Galle is informally known as 'Happy Face' crater.  \nThe HRSC obtained these images during orbits 445, 2383, 2438, 2460 and 2493 with a ground resolution ranging between 10-20 metres per pixel, depending on location within the image strip.  \nGalle Crater aka 'Happy Face' 3 / 5  \nThe images show Crater Galle lying to the east of the Argyre Planitia impact basin and south west of the Wirtz and Helmholtz craters, at 51° South latitude and 329° East longitude.  \nThe images of the 230 km-diameter impact crater are mosaics created from five individual HRSC nadirand colour strips, each tens of kilometres wide. A large stack of layered sediments forms an outcrop in the southern part of the crater. Several parallel gullies, possible evidence for liquid water on the Martian surface, originate at the inner crater walls of the southern rim.  \nCrater Galle, named after the German astronomer J. G. Galle (1812-1910), is informally known as'Happy Face' crater. The 'face' was first pointed out in images taken during NASA's Viking Orbiter 1 mission. Its interior shows a surface which is shaped by aeolian (wind-caused) activity as seen in numerous dunes and dark dust devil tracks which removed the bright dusty surface coating.  \nCrater Galle, black-and-white mosaic  \nThe colour scenes, false-colour and near true-colour, have been derived from three HRSC colour and nadir channels gathered during five overlapping orbits. The perspective views have been calculated from a mosaic of digital terrain models derived from the stereo channels.  \nThe black-and-white high-resolution image mosaic was derived from the nadir channel which provides the highest detail of all channels. The resolution has been decreased for use on the Internet, to around 50 m per pixel.  \nMap showing Crater Galle and surrounding features  \nThe HRSC on Mars Express was developed by DLR and built in cooperation with industrial partners (EADS Astrium, Lewicki Microelectronic GmbH and Jena-Optronik GmbH) . The HRSC experiment on Mars Express is led by the Principal Investigator (PI) Prof. Dr Gerhard Neukum. The science team of the experiment consists of 45 Co-Investigators from 32 institutions and 10 nations.  \nThis camera on Mars Express is operated by DLR's Institute of Planetary Research. The systematic processing of the HRSC image data is carried out at DLR and scene processing is carried out by the PIgroup at the Institute for Geosciences of the Freie Universität Berlin in cooperation with DLR's Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin.  \nContact  \nElke Heinemann  \nGerman Aerospace Center (DLR)  \nCorporate Communications, Online Communication-DLR Web Portal Tel: +49 2203 601-2867  \nFax: +49 2203 601-3249  \nE-Mail: [elke.heinemann@dlr.de](elke.heinemann@dlr.de)  \nProf. Dr. Ralf Jaumann  \nGerman Aerospace Center  \nInstitute of Planetary Research, Planetary Geology Tel: +49 30 67055-400  \nFax: +49 30 67055-402  \nE-Mail: [Ralf.Jaumann@dlr.de](Ralf.Jaumann@dlr.de)  \nContact details for image and video enquiries as well as information regarding DLR's terms of use can be found on the DLR portal imprint.  \nGalle Crater aka 'Happy Face' 5 / 5","cbCaibdoPW8RGlXq","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibdoPW8RGlXq","pdf",319607,"English","# Galle Crater overview\n## “Happy Face” naming and observational history\n## Imaging details and resolution\n## Geological features and possible water evidence\n## HRSC mission, processing, and contacts","[{\"question\":\"What is Galle Crater and why is it called “Happy Face”?\",\"answer\":\"Galle Crater is an impact crater on Mars. It is informally known as the “Happy Face” crater because the “face” was first identified in images from NASA’s Viking Orbiter 1 mission.\"},{\"question\":\"Which spacecraft and instrument captured the images?\",\"answer\":\"The images were taken by the DLR-operated High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) onboard ESA’s Mars Express spacecraft.\"},{\"question\":\"What geological features are highlighted in the crater?\",\"answer\":\"The images show layered sediment outcrops in the southern part of the crater and several parallel gullies on the inner crater walls, which may be evidence of liquid water on Mars.\"}]","Galle Crater aka 'Happy Face' - Mars Express HRSC images | PDF",13]