[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-664080-105":59,"doc-detail-664080-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","fundamentals-of-arc-welding-basic-concepts-and-processes","Fundamentals of Arc Welding - Basic Concepts and Processes","","Fundamentals of Arc Welding explains how welding joins metal pieces through intense heating, with or without pressure and sometimes with filler material, distinguishing welding from riveting or bolting. The material outlines key advantages such as structural rigidity, simplified appearance, reduced steel weight, and the ability to meet strength and sealing needs, while also covering disadvantages like skilled requirements, fatigue cracking risk, expensive equipment, site limitations, and residual stresses. The document then introduces arc welding’s electrical principles and the roles of welding rods and electrodes, including consumable and non-consumable types.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":30,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/technology/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/fundamentals-of-arc-welding-basic-concepts-and-processes/664080/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/fundamentals-of-arc-welding-basic-concepts-and-processes/664080.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Dipper","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is welding, and how does it differ from riveting or bolting?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Welding joins two metal pieces by intense heating (with or without pressure) and may use filler material. It differs from riveting or bolting, which rely on friction or mechanical interlocking rather than fusion heat.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What are the main advantages of welded structures?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Welded structures are more rigid, appear as one-piece constructions, and can reduce the need for gusset and splice plates. Welding can also save steel weight, time in detailing and fabrication, and provide joint strength comparable to base metal.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does arc welding generate the heat to melt metal?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Arc welding produces heat using an electric arc formed between the electrode and the work through an ionized gas column. The current at low voltage discharges, and the air/gas resistance converts electric energy into heat, reaching temperatures roughly between 3300°C and 5500°C.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},664080,1793238477,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":29,"category_name":30,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":144},1374404997633,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","FUNDAMENTALS OF ARC WELDING  \nWelding is the process of joining two pieces of metal by intense heating with or without the application of pressure or by the application of pressure alone (without heating) and with or without the use of filler material. It is distinguished from other forms of mechanical connections, such as riveting or bolting, which involves friction or mechanical interlocking.  \nWelding offers many advantages over riveting or bolting:  \n1. Welded structures are more rigid compared to structures with riveted and bolted connections;  \n2. Welding gives the appearance of a one-piece construction as against the cluttered surface of bolted or riveted connections;  \n3. Welded structures allow the elimination of a large percentage of the gusset and splice plates necessary for riveted or bolted structures.  \n4. Welding saves up to 15% of the steel weight and economies are achieved due to elimination of operations like drilling and punching, It also saves time in detailing and fabrication;  \n5. The strength of the welded joint equals or exceeds the strength of the original base metal, thereby placing no restriction on the joints;  \n6. Weld connections offer the designer more freedom for innovation in his design, make changes and to correct mistakes during erection;  \n7. Welding is practicable for almost all types/shapes of joints; for example, connection of a steel pipe column to other members;  \n8. Welding offers air tight and water tight joining of plates and hence ideal for oil storage tanks, ships etc.  \nSome disadvantages:  \n1. Skilled manpower is needed for operation and inspection of welded connections;  \n2. Welded joints are highly prone to cracking under fatigue loading - non-destructive evaluation may have to be carried out to detect defects in welds;  \n3. Costly equipment is essential to make welded connections;  \n4. Proper welding can not be done in the field environment;  \n5. Large residual stresses and distortion are developed in welded connections.  \nIn the earlier days, combination of bolting, riveting and welding was not practiced. Structures were completely welded, bolted or riveted. Today, combination of bolting, riveting and welding is commonly used in steel structures but generally combination techniques are not used in one and the same joint. The present trend is to use welding for workshop connections or splices, and high strength bolts for field joints.  \nThere are over 50 different welding processes, but gas and arc welding is most commonly employed in industrial manufacturing.  \nGas welding is a non-pressure process using heat from a gas flame. In gas welding a mixture of oxygen and some combustible gas such as MAPP (methylacetylenepropadiene) or acetylene is burned at the tip of a torch. The flame produced is applied directly to the metal edges to be joined and to a filler metal, which is melted to the joint. Gas welding has the advantage of involving equipment that is portable and does not require an electric power source. It is widely used in maintenance and repair work because of the ease in transporting oxygen and fuel cylinders. But, the process is slow compared to other means of welding.  \nElectric arc welding is by far the most popular fusion process for joining metals in commercial welding practices. In this process, the workpieces are heated to the fusion temperature by an electric arc, causing two parts to be melted and intermixed. Upon cooling and solidification, a metallurgical bond is created. Since the joining is an intermixture of metals, the final weldment potentially has the same strength properties asthe metal of the parts.  \nAlmost all structural welding is arc welding. This course is particularly concerned with the arc welding processes commonly used in structural work.  \nSECTION 1 BASIC ARC WELDING PROCESSES  \nIn arc welding, the intense heat needed to melt metal is produced by an electric arc. The arc is a continuous spark formed between the actual work and an electrode ","cbCaihtj39xg8voq","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihtj39xg8voq","pdf",1144365,75,"English","# Welding Fundamentals\n## Advantages and Disadvantages\n## Trend in Steel Structure Joints\n# Arc Welding Basics\n## Arc Generation and Heat Characteristics\n## Current Source, Rods, and Filler Metals\n## Welding Rods vs Electrodes\n## Consumable vs Non-Consumable Electrodes","[{\"question\":\"What is welding, and how does it differ from riveting or bolting?\",\"answer\":\"Welding joins two metal pieces by intense heating (with or without pressure) and may use filler material. It differs from riveting or bolting, which rely on friction or mechanical interlocking rather than fusion heat.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the main advantages of welded structures?\",\"answer\":\"Welded structures are more rigid, appear as one-piece constructions, and can reduce the need for gusset and splice plates. Welding can also save steel weight, time in detailing and fabrication, and provide joint strength comparable to base metal.\"},{\"question\":\"How does arc welding generate the heat to melt metal?\",\"answer\":\"Arc welding produces heat using an electric arc formed between the electrode and the work through an ionized gas column. The current at low voltage discharges, and the air/gas resistance converts electric energy into heat, reaching temperatures roughly between 3300°C and 5500°C.\"}]","Fundamentals of Arc Welding - Basic Concepts and Processes | PDF",189]