[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-333385-105":59,"doc-detail-333385-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","fundamental-insights-into-battery-thermal-management-and-safety","Fundamental Insights into Battery Thermal Management and Safety","","The article addresses the dilemma among safety, energy density, and lifetime in electric-vehicle lithium-ion batteries by presenting a new quantitative perspective on battery thermal management and safety. It identifies high-temperature battery operation and heat-resistant materials as key future research directions to improve safety, reduce degradation, and simplify thermal management. The work shows heat-resistant batteries are critical for resisting thermal runaway, while enabling long calendar life at ambient idling temperatures and reducing cooling complexity via a larger temperature driving difference for heat removal. The fundamentals support a shift in developing battery technologies as electrified transport grows.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/fundamental-insights-into-battery-thermal-management-and-safety/333385/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/fundamental-insights-into-battery-thermal-management-and-safety/333385.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Evangeline","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-12","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":46},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What dilemma does the article focus on in battery design for electric vehicles?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It focuses on balancing the trilemma among safety, energy density, and lifetime for electric-vehicle batteries while improving thermal management.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why are heat-resistant batteries important for improving safety?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The article argues heat-resistant batteries are indispensable for resistance to thermal runaway, which is a potentially catastrophic failure mode.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How can high-temperature battery operation affect lifespan and thermal management?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It suggests heat-resistant batteries can provide long calendar life when idling at ambient temperatures and can simplify thermal management because cooling is driven by a much enlarged temperature difference.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},333385,1790380422,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":46,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":44,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},13056703019662,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/be000253a8e92610077?_k=1778726343310543188","[http://pubs.acs.org/journal/aelccp](http://pubs.acs.org/journal/aelccp)  \nFundamental Insights into Battery Thermal Management and Safety  \nRyan S. Longchamps, Xiao-Guang Yang, and Chao-Yang Wang*  \n Cite This: ACS Energy Lett. 2022, 7, 1103−1111  \nRead Online  \nACCESS  \n Metrics & More  \n Article Recommendations  \n*sı   \nSupporting Information  \nABSTRACT: To break away from the trilemma among safety, energy density, and lifetime, we present a new perspective on battery thermal management and safety for electric vehicles. We give a quantitative analysis of the fundamental principles governing each and identify high-temperature battery operation and heat-resistant materials as important directions for future battery research and development to improve safety, reduce degradation, and simplify thermal management systems. We find that heat-resistant batteries are indispensable toward resistance to thermal runaway and therefore ultimately battery safety. Concurrently, heat-resistant batteries give rise to long calendar life when idling at ambient temperatures and greatly simplify thermal management while working, owing to much  \nenlarged temperature difference driving cooling. The fundamentals illustrated here reveal an unconventional approach to the development of current and future battery technologies as society moves toward ubiquitous electrified transportation.  \nTo fight against climate change, the burgeoning trend of  \nvehicle electrification is set for continued disruption of the multifaceted, mass-market transportation industry.  \nThe slow and arduous process of overhauling such an industry is underway with the lithium-ion battery (LiB) taking a stronghold as the dominant electrochemical engine. With that, the engineering design of battery systems for electric vehicles (EVs) remains dynamic as it trends toward a common understanding of best practices. Battery thermal management (BTM) and safety represent two interdependent and key elements of EV design that remain largely unsolved and everevolving.  \nThe critical nature of BTM is rooted in the strong dependence of battery performance, life, and safety on temperature, as illustred in Figure 1.1 When operated at an  \noptimal temperature ( 30 °C), battery life can be maximized by balancing competing degradation mechanisms (e.g., lithium plating at low temperatures and solid−electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer growth at high temperatures).2 The challenge in cooling a large number of cells in an EV pack lies in the  \nBattery safety􀀁perhaps more vital to EV adoption  \nremain the top priority. If LiBs reach temperatures of 90 − 130 °C via insufficient BTM or other forms of abuse (e.g., short-circuit), the flammability of electrolytes and exothermic decomposition of battery materials introduce the threat of the well-documented and potentially catastrophic failure mode, thermal runaway (TR).3−5 The challenge of safe battery operation is also heightened by the trend toward high-voltage ternary layered oxide cathode materials with increasing nickel content, which renders high battery energy density (ED) at the cost of decreased thermal stability.6 In the event of overheating, TR mitigation through cooling may be possible, and there is a small temperature range in which cell heat generation does not exceed the cooling capacity of the BTMS (Figure 1). Therefore, the BTMS also provides a barrier against thermal failure.1 Clearly, key EV metrics (safety, lifetime, range, etc.) compete with each other, and their simultaneous improvement will require battery scientists and engineers to revisit the basics to gain insights that drive stepwise innovation from the materials to system level.  \nDownloaded via PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV on February 25, 2022 at 16:00:47 (UTC) . See [https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines](https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines) for options on how to legitimately share published articles.  \ncompetition between battery thermal management system (BTMS) weight/volume and cooling","cbCaiv24wx41avnH","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiv24wx41avnH","pdf",2353574,"English","# Battery thermal management and safety overview\n## Safety risks and thermal runaway\n## Trade-offs among key EV performance metrics\n## Perspective on fundamentals and future directions","[{\"question\":\"What dilemma does the article focus on in battery design for electric vehicles?\",\"answer\":\"It focuses on balancing the trilemma among safety, energy density, and lifetime for electric-vehicle batteries while improving thermal management.\"},{\"question\":\"Why are heat-resistant batteries important for improving safety?\",\"answer\":\"The article argues heat-resistant batteries are indispensable for resistance to thermal runaway, which is a potentially catastrophic failure mode.\"},{\"question\":\"How can high-temperature battery operation affect lifespan and thermal management?\",\"answer\":\"It suggests heat-resistant batteries can provide long calendar life when idling at ambient temperatures and can simplify thermal management because cooling is driven by a much enlarged temperature difference.\"}]","Fundamental Insights into Battery Thermal Management and Safety | PDF",1790002184,23]