[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-443956-105":59,"doc-detail-443956-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","functions-of-the-cell-wall-polysaccharide-schizophyllan-during-vegetative-growth-of-schizophyllum-commune","Functions of the cell wall polysaccharide schizophyllan during vegetative growth of Schizophyllum commune","","Schizophyllan, a β-(1,3)(1,6)-glucan of the mushroom-forming fungus Schizophyllum commune, is released into the culture medium, yet its role during vegetative growth is unclear. The study compared growth in minimal medium and in medium with increased KH2PO4/K2HPO4 buffer, which reduced both water-soluble and rigid schizophyllan in the cell wall. This altered mycelial mechanics, lowered tensile strength and raised elasticity. Shown effects included improved heat and freeze-thaw survival and longer shelf-life in the presence of schizophyllan, while bacteria tested could not metabolize it, indicating protective structural and stress-related functions.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/functions-of-the-cell-wall-polysaccharide-schizophyllan-during-vegetative-growth-of-schizophyllum-commune/443956/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/functions-of-the-cell-wall-polysaccharide-schizophyllan-during-vegetative-growth-of-schizophyllum-commune/443956.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Angel","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-03","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How did increased buffer affect schizophyllan levels in the cell wall?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Adding extra KH2PO4/K2HPO4 buffer caused a marked reduction in both water-soluble and rigid schizophyllan fractions in the cell wall.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What mechanical changes in the mycelium were linked to reduced schizophyllan?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The decrease in cell-wall schizophyllan coincided with lower tensile strength and higher elasticity of the mycelium.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does schizophyllan influence survival under heat and freeze-thaw stress?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Spore survival increased after heat treatment and freeze-thawing when schizophyllan was present, and samples showed a longer shelf-life.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},443956,1790928118,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},687207412472,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","The Cell Surface 15 (2026) 100167  \nContents lists available at ScienceDirect  \nThe Cell Surface  \njournal [homepage:](homepage: www.sciencedirect.com/journal/the-cell-surface)[ www.sciencedirect.com/journal/the-cell-surface](homepage: www.sciencedirect.com/journal/the-cell-surface)  \n| Functions of the cell wall polysaccharide schizophyllan during vegetative growth of Schizophyllum commune\u003Cbr>Fleur E.L. Kleijburg a,1, Ella M. Schunselaar a,1, Adil A. Safeer b,1, Ajit K. Bishoyib, Marc Baldusb, Han A.B. W¨osten a,*\u003Cbr>a Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands\u003Cbr>b NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| A R T I C L E I N F O |  | A B S T R A C T |\n| Keywords:\u003Cbr>Fungus\u003Cbr>Schizophyllum commune Cell wall\u003Cbr>Schizophyllan β-(1,3)(1,6)-glucan Environmental stress |  | Schizophyllan, a β-(1,3)(1,6)-glucan, is part of the cell wall of the mushroom-forming fungus Schizophyllum commune and is also released into the culture medium. It has various commercial applications but the natural function of schizophyllan during growth of S. commune is largely unknown. The S. commune strain H4-8A was grown on minimal medium (MM-N) and medium containing 10-fold more KH2PO4/K2HPO4 buffer (MM-NKP). The addition of extra buffer resulted in a 4.2-fold decrease in water-soluble schizophyllan and a 8.8-fold decrease in rigid schizophyllan in the cell wall. This decrease in schizophyllan was associated with a 3.7 fold lower tensile strength and a 2.5-fold higher elasticity of the mycelium. Moreover, spores of S. commune, as well as cells of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida, showed increased survival against heat treatment and freeze-thawing, and had a longer shelf-life in the presence of schizophyllan. Also, schizophyllan can be metabolized by S. commune but the tested bacteria were unable to do so. Together, schizophyllan provides rigidity to the cell wall, protects S. commune against temperature stress, and can be used as an external carbon storage. It may also form a selective barrier around the hyphae, protecting S. commune against attack by bacteria. |\n\n1. Introduction  \nThe basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune produces a β-(1,3)(1,6) -glucan called schizophyllan (Rau et al., 1992). This exopolysaccharide consists of a β-(1,3)-glucan backbone with single β-(1,6)-glucose monomers linked to every third residue (Zhang et al., 2013) with a molecular weight up to 1.3 × 107 g/mol (Rau et al., 1990). It dissolves in water as a trimer of three single chains that form a semi-flexible rod with a triple helical structure (Norisuye et al., 1980; Kashiwagi et al., 1981). This results in a highly viscous solution. Schizophyllan has a high stability, illustrated by the fact that the triple helical structure melts at temperatures >135 ◦ C or at a pH > 12.  \nSchizophyllan is a major component of the fungal cell wall and forms a layer at the hyphal surface and in the space between hyphae (Kirtzelet al., 2019; Sietsma and Wessels, 1977). The cell wall of S. commune consists of an inner, rigid core and an outer, flexible layer (Ehren et al., 2020). Schizophyllan is a minor constituent of the inner part but a major  \nconstituent of the outer part of the S. commune cell wall when grown in a liquid shaken culture (Safeer et al., 2023). In these cultures, schizophyllan is also released into the medium. Production levels of schizophyllan in liquid shaking cultures have been related to oxygen limitation, inoculum size, the carbon and nitrogen source, and the pH (Kumari et al., 2008; Mohammadi et al., 2018; Rau et al., 1992; Joshi et al., 2013).  \nSchizophyllan has many industrial applications. It has immunestimulatory (Sakagami et al., 1988; Zhong et al., 2015) and anti-tumor (Zhang et al., 2013) activities, which makes this polysaccharide of interest for the pharmaceutical industry (Kleijbur","cbCainh9zwNqspH5","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainh9zwNqspH5","pdf",5197270,11,"English","# Introduction\n## Schizophyllan structure and properties\n## Cell wall localization and production factors\n## Industrial relevance and knowledge gap\n# Materials and methods\n## Fungal strain and culture conditions","[{\"question\":\"How did increased buffer affect schizophyllan levels in the cell wall?\",\"answer\":\"Adding extra KH2PO4/K2HPO4 buffer caused a marked reduction in both water-soluble and rigid schizophyllan fractions in the cell wall.\"},{\"question\":\"What mechanical changes in the mycelium were linked to reduced schizophyllan?\",\"answer\":\"The decrease in cell-wall schizophyllan coincided with lower tensile strength and higher elasticity of the mycelium.\"},{\"question\":\"How does schizophyllan influence survival under heat and freeze-thaw stress?\",\"answer\":\"Spore survival increased after heat treatment and freeze-thawing when schizophyllan was present, and samples showed a longer shelf-life.\"}]","Functions of the cell wall polysaccharide schizophyllan during vegetative growth of Schizophyllum commune | PDF",1790706207,28]