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This review analyzes how targeted, surface-functionalized nanoparticles can exploit enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects for efficient tumor-cell targeting, reduce non-specific chemotherapy toxicity, enable detection via signaling-molecule recognition, and trigger therapy through hyperthermia, medication delivery, immunotherapy, or gene therapy. 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\n[doi.org/10.1002/open.202400232](doi.org/10.1002/open.202400232)  \n[www.chemistryopen.org](www.chemistryopen.org)  \nFunctionalized Nanomaterials In Pancreatic Cancer Theranostics And Molecular Imaging  \nYoghalakshmi Nagarajan,[a] Natarajan Chandrasekaran,[b] and Venkatachalam Deepa Parvathi*[a]  \nPancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most fatal malignancies in the world. This lethality persists due to lack of effective and efficient treatment strategies. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive epithelial malignancy which has a high incidence rate and contributes to overall cancer fatalities. As of 2022, pancreatic cancer contributes to about 3 % of all cancers globally. Over the years, research has characterised germline predisposition, the origin cell, precursor lesions, genetic alterations, structural alterations, transcriptional changes, tumour heterogeneity, metastatic progression, and the tumour microenvironment, which has improved the understanding of PDAC carcinogenesis. By using molecular-based target therapies, these fundamental advancements support primary prevention, screening, early detection, and treatment. The focus of this review is the use of targeted nanoparticles asan alternative to conventional pancreatic cancer treatment due to the various side effects of the latter. The principles of nanoparticle based cancer therapy is efficient targeting of tumour cells via enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects and decrease the chemotherapy side effects due to their non-specificity. To increase the efficiency of existing therapies and modify target nanoparticles, several molecular markers of  \npancreatic cancer cells have been identified. Thus pancreatic cancer cells can be detected using appropriately functionalized nanoparticles with specific signalling molecules. Once cancer has been identified, these nanoparticles can kill the tumour by inducing hyperthermia, medication delivery, immunotherapy or gene therapy. As potent co-delivery methods for adjuvants and tumor-associated antigens; nanoparticles (NPs) have demonstrated significant promise as delivery vehicles in cancer therapy. This ensures the precise internalization of the functionalized nanoparticle and thus also activates the immune system effectively against tumor cells. This review also discusses the immunological factors behind the uptake of functionalized nanoparticles in cancer therapies. Theranostics, which combine imaging and therapeutic chemicals in a single nanocarrier, are the next generation of medicines. Pancreatic cancer treatment may be revolutionised by the development of a tailored nanocarrier with diagnostic, therapeutic, and imaging capabilities. It is extremely difficult to incorporate various therapeutic modalities into a single nanocarrier without compromising the individual functionalities. Surface modification of nanocarriers with antibodies or proteins will enable to attain multifunctionality which increases the efficiency of pancreatic cancer therapy.  \n1. Introduction  \nPancreatic cancer is an aggressive and heterogeneous disease with poor outcome and prognosis. Pancreatic cancer is the 7th most leading cause of cancer death and 14th most common cancer in the world. By 2025, pancreatic cancer is projected to rank third among cancer-related mortality in Europe, and  \n[a] Y. Nagarajan, V. Deepa Parvathi  \nDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences & Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER), Tamil Nadu, Chennai 600116, India  \nPhone: + 91 44 24768027  \n[E-mail: deepaparvathi@sriramachandra.edu.in](E-mail: deepaparvathi@sriramachandra.edu.in)  \n[deepakoushik305@gmail.com](deepakoushik305@gmail.com)  \n[harilak01@gmail.com](harilak01@gmail.com)[ ](harilak01@gmail.com)[b] N. Chandrasekaran  \nSenior Professor & Former Director, Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore Campus, Tiruvalam road, Tam","cbCaii2wvOambSU2","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaii2wvOambSU2","pdf",1427842,17,"English","# Introduction\n## Targeted nanoparticle strategies in pancreatic cancer theranostics\n## Nanoparticle functionalization and tumor cell detection\n## Therapeutic mechanisms: delivery, immunotherapy, gene therapy, hyperthermia\n## Immunological factors in nanoparticle uptake\n## Theranostics and multi-functional nanocarrier design","[{\"question\":\"Why is pancreatic cancer difficult to treat effectively?\",\"answer\":\"Pancreatic cancer is highly lethal, and outcomes remain poor due to late detection, aggressive biology, chemoresistance, and the dense fibrotic tumor microenvironment that restricts drug penetration.\"},{\"question\":\"How do functionalized nanoparticles improve pancreatic cancer targeting?\",\"answer\":\"Functionalized nanoparticles can preferentially accumulate in tumors through enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects, and additional molecular markers enable detection and targeting using specific signaling molecules.\"},{\"question\":\"What therapeutic actions can theranostic nanoparticles perform after cancer detection?\",\"answer\":\"After identification, these nanoparticles can eliminate tumors by inducing hyperthermia, delivering medication, enabling immunotherapy, or supporting gene therapy, while also coordinating immune activation.\"}]","Functionalized Nanomaterials In Pancreatic Cancer Theranostics And Molecular Imaging - Review | PDF",1789994800,43]