[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-444900-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-444900-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","functional-and-reconstructive-outcomes-of-square-flap-in-postburn-axillary-contracture-research-study","Functional and Reconstructive Outcomes of Square Flap in Postburn Axillary Contracture - Research Study","","Post-burn axillary contracture (PBAC) is a disabling sequela that limits shoulder movement and impairs daily activities. This prospective observational study evaluated functional and reconstructive outcomes of the square flap technique for PBAC reconstruction in Bangladesh. From January 2023 to June 2024, 40 type 1A/1B patients underwent contracture release, with preoperative and 3-month postoperative assessments of shoulder abduction, band length, complications, and reconstruction results. Shoulder abduction and contracture band length improved significantly, with low major complications and generally good outcomes.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/functional-and-reconstructive-outcomes-of-square-flap-in-postburn-axillary-contracture-research-study/444900/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/functional-and-reconstructive-outcomes-of-square-flap-in-postburn-axillary-contracture-research-study/444900.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"SANS","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-02","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",10,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What condition does the study focus on?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The study focuses on post-burn axillary contracture (PBAC), which restricts shoulder movement and affects daily functioning after burn injuries.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How was the square flap technique evaluated?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"A prospective observational study assessed patients before surgery and three months after, measuring shoulder abduction range, contracture band length, complications, and reconstructive outcomes.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What were the main findings about functional improvement?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Shoulder abduction increased significantly from the preoperative mean to the postoperative mean, and contracture band length also increased significantly, indicating improved release and function.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},444900,1790812846,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,115,120,123,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":55,"slug":125},"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":116,"language":139,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},962090760505,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Review began 10/24/2025  \nReview ended 11/24/2025  \nPublished 12/07/2025  \n© Copyright 2025  \nAhmad et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY 4.0. , which permits unrestricted use , distribution , and reproduction in any medium , provided the original author and source are credited.  \nDOI: 10.7759/cureus.98629  \nOpen Access Original Article  \nFunctional and Reconstructive Outcomes of Square Flap in Postburn Axillary Contracture  \nKawsar Ahmad 1, ShariffA. Rahman 1 , Tasnim Enam 2, Md. Shayedat-Ullah 3  \n1. Plastic Surgery, National Institute of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Dhaka, BGD 2. Pathology, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, BGD 3. Endocrinology, National Institute of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Dhaka, BGD  \nCorresponding author: Kawsar Ahmad, [kawsarkonok38@gmail.com](kawsarkonok38@gmail.com)  \nAbstract  \nBackground and aim  \nPost-burn axillary contracture (PBAC) represents a frequent and disabling sequela of burn injury, often impairing shoulder movement and hindering daily activities. Due to its promising functional and cosmetic outcome, the square flap technique has recently gained attention, yet data in the Bangladeshi context remain scarce. This study was planned to assess the functional and reconstructive outcomes ofthe square flap technique in PBAC reconstruction.  \nMethods  \nA prospective observational study was conducted at the National Institute of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Dhaka, from January 2023 to June 2024. Among the patients with type 1A and 1B PBAC, a total of 40 patients who were planned to undergo contracture release using the square flap technique were purposively included in the study. Patients presenting with unstable scars over the contracture site, presence of ulcers on the scar, skin malignancy at the contracture site, bony deformities of the affected joint, or recurrent contractures were excluded from the study. Preoperative and three-month postoperative assessments, such as shoulder abduction range, contracture band length, complications, and reconstructive outcomes, were recorded.  \nResults  \nThe majority of the patients with post-burn contracture were adolescents with female predominance (65%) . Most (80%) of the participants were suffering from type 1A axillary contracture, and flame burns were identified as the predominant cause, accounting for 92.5% of cases. The mean shoulder abduction improved significantly from 112° ± 20.15° preoperatively to 165° ± 17.03° postoperatively (p value: \u003C0 .001) .  \nContracture band length increased from 4.68 ± 1.16 cm to 8.66 ± 1.40 cm (p value: \u003C0 .001) . Tip necrosis (7.5%) and epidermolysis (10%) were the most common complications. The reconstruction outcome was good (82 .5%) .  \nConclusion  \nSquare flap reconstruction is an effective technique for releasing linear axillary contractures, providing excellent functional and cosmetic outcomes with minimal complications and a high level of patient satisfaction.  \nCategories: Plastic Surgery, Trauma, Orthopedics  \nKeywords: burn contracture release, complication, contracture band length, functional recovery, post-burn contracture, reconstructive outcomes, shoulder abduction, square flap  \nIntroduction  \nBurns continue to be among the most serious injuries encountered in emergency medicine, affecting both genders and all age groups worldwide, with Bangladesh being no exception [1,2] . For survivors, permanent scarring remains the most common and challenging long-term complication [3] . Postburn contracture significantly affects the quality of life for burn victims, as it is functionally debilitating, disfiguring, painful, and itchy, contributing to their overall morbidity [4] . The issue of post-burn contracture in the axilla presents significant challenges, particularly as shoulder mobility directly affects one 's capacity to utilise the hand effectively for daily activities [5] . In moments of injury, it is common for the victim","cbCainhNX7CmPicY","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainhNX7CmPicY","pdf",1577947,"English","# Abstract\n## Background and aim\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusion\n# Introduction\n## Prevention and treatment overview\n## Related surgical techniques","[{\"question\":\"What condition does the study focus on?\",\"answer\":\"The study focuses on post-burn axillary contracture (PBAC), which restricts shoulder movement and affects daily functioning after burn injuries.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the square flap technique evaluated?\",\"answer\":\"A prospective observational study assessed patients before surgery and three months after, measuring shoulder abduction range, contracture band length, complications, and reconstructive outcomes.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the main findings about functional improvement?\",\"answer\":\"Shoulder abduction increased significantly from the preoperative mean to the postoperative mean, and contracture band length also increased significantly, indicating improved release and function.\"}]","Functional and Reconstructive Outcomes of Square Flap in Postburn Axillary Contracture - Research Study | PDF",1790709684,23]