[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-118668-en":3,"doc-seo-118668-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":90},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},118668,13056703020460,"Valentina","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/be000253dac470eee5d?_k=1778207105932848923",6,"Technology","FSML - A Modern Fortran Statistics and Machine Learning Library","FSML is a modern Fortran statistics and machine learning library designed for contemporary research and teaching. It provides accessible, well-documented procedures spanning statistical distribution functions, basic data statistics, hypothesis testing, linear algebra–based methods, and non-linear algorithms. The project addresses a need for reliable, integrated tooling in the Fortran ecosystem by leveraging stdlib for linear algebra, using fpm for building and distribution, and supporting compilation with LFortran in addition to GFortran. Its MIT license and extensive documentation aim to accelerate adoption among students, early-career researchers, and instructors.","FSML – A Modern Fortran Statistics and Machine Learning Library  \nDOI: 10.21105/joss.09058 Software  \n• Review   \n• Repository   \n• Archive   \nEditor: Jack Atkinson   Reviewers:  \n• @Mikolaj-A-Kowalski  \n• @ivan-pi  \nSubmitted: 08 September 2025  \nPublished: 20 December 2025  \nLicense  \nAuthors of papers retain copyright and release the work under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4 .0) .  \nSebastian Gerhard Mutz  1  \n1 School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow  \nSummary  \nFSML is a Modern Fortran statistics and machine learning library suitable for contemporary research problems and teaching. It includes procedures for basic statistics, hypothesis tests, linear and non-linear methods, and statistical distribution functions.  \nStatement of Need  \nThe advances in computing technology over the past two decades have expanded the practical scope of statistics and allowed the widespread use of machine learning (ML) . This has also transformed research practices and enhanced predictive modelling across many disciplines, including Earth sciences (Boateng & Mutz, 2023), operational weather forecasting (Lang et al. , 2024), and more.  \nFortran is a well-established general purpose programming language that is commonly adopted in science due to its stability, reliability, performance, and array functionality. It is widely used for parallelised high-performance computing and numerical modelling (e.g. , Giorgetta et al. , 2018) . The same strengths make it suitable for computationally demanding ML proceduresand data-driven predictions. However, despite Fortran’s long history in data-driven prediction and ML (e.g. , Breiman, 2001; Gutmann et al. , 2022; Tomassetti et al. , 2009), it has not been as widely adopted in these fields as other languages and lacks well documented, accessible toolkits for statistics and classic ML.  \nAlthough projects like Neural-Fortran (Curcic, 2019), ATHENA (Taylor, 2024), and FStats cover some important procedures for deep-learning and classic statistics, the Fortran statistics and ML ecosystem remains relatively small. This potentially deters from the use of Fortran, which is already perceived as less accessible than other popular languages due to 1) the lack of familiarity with Modern Fortran features, which is exacerbated by stagnating adoption of Fortran at universities, and 2) shortcomings that are currently being addressed by Fortran-lang community projects (Kedward et al. , 2022) .  \nFSML (Fortran Statistics and Machine Learning) purposefully integrates these projects: It uses stdlib for linear algebra, leverages fpm for easier building and distribution, and is developed to support compilation with the interactive LFortran compiler in addition to GFortran. As such, it builds on recent community efforts and addresses two needs:  \n1. It adds to the modern Fortran statistics and ML software ecosystem; a richer ecosystem makes Fortran a more attractive choice as a well-established, robust, high-performance language.  \n2. The use of fpm, the support of free open-source compilers, the extensive documentation, and its permissive license (MIT) facilitate its early adoption and integration into various  \nMutz. (2025) . FSML – A Modern Fortran Statistics and Machine Learning Library. Journal of Open Source Software, 10(116), 9058 . [https:](https:) 1 //[doi.org/10.21105/joss.09058](doi.org/10.21105/joss.09058) .  \nstatistics and ML projects by students, early career researchers, and teachers. It can thus promote the adoption of Fortran.  \nSoftware Description  \nScope  \nFSML consists of a set of accessible and well-documented statistics and ML procedures, suitable for many contemporary research problems and teaching. These procedures are subdivided into five categories:  \n• DST: Statistical distribution functions (e.g. , the probability density, cumulative distribution, and quantile functions of the Student’s t and generalised Pareto distributions) .  \n• STS: Ba","cbCaikiPDssKeKSO","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikiPDssKeKSO","pdf",253103,1,4,"English","en",105,"# Summary\n# Statement of Need\n# Software Description\n## Scope\n## Documentation\n## Examples","[{\"question\":\"What kinds of statistics and ML methods does FSML provide?\",\"answer\":\"FSML includes statistical distribution functions, basic statistics, parametric and non-parametric hypothesis tests, linear algebra–based procedures, and non-linear algorithms such as k-means clustering.\"},{\"question\":\"What problem does FSML address in the Fortran ecosystem?\",\"answer\":\"It targets the limited availability and accessibility of well-documented statistics and classic ML toolkits for Modern Fortran, building on ongoing community efforts.\"},{\"question\":\"How can users build and run FSML, and which compiler is recommended initially?\",\"answer\":\"FSML uses Fortran 2008 features, relies on stdlib and fpm, and is intended to work with LFortran as well as GFortran; early users are advised to use GFortran because LFortran may not reliably compile stdlib at publication.\"}]","FSML - A Modern Fortran Statistics and Machine Learning Library | PDF",1785684808,10,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":85,"head_meta":87,"extra_data":89,"updated_unix":28},"fsml-a-modern-fortran-statistics-and-machine-learning-library","",{"@graph":36,"@context":84},[37,53,67],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/technology/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/fsml-a-modern-fortran-statistics-and-machine-learning-library/118668/",{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":61,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":62,"interactionStatistic":63},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":41,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-02",true,{"@type":64,"interactionType":65,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":66},"ViewAction",{"@type":68,"mainEntity":69},"FAQPage",[70,76,80],{"name":71,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":73},"What kinds of statistics and ML methods does FSML provide?","Question",{"text":74,"@type":75},"FSML includes statistical distribution functions, basic statistics, parametric and non-parametric hypothesis tests, linear algebra–based procedures, and non-linear algorithms such as k-means clustering.","Answer",{"name":77,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":78},"What problem does FSML address in the Fortran ecosystem?",{"text":79,"@type":75},"It targets the limited availability and accessibility of well-documented statistics and classic ML toolkits for Modern Fortran, building on ongoing community efforts.",{"name":81,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":82},"How can users build and run FSML, and which compiler is recommended initially?",{"text":83,"@type":75},"FSML uses Fortran 2008 features, relies on stdlib and fpm, and is intended to work with LFortran as well as GFortran; early users are advised to use GFortran because LFortran may not reliably compile stdlib at publication.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":86,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":58,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":88,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":91},[92,96,100,104,109,112,117,122,127,130,133],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":101,"show_sort_weight":102,"slug":103},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":105,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":106,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":110,"slug":111},50,"technology",{"id":113,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":114,"show_sort_weight":115,"slug":116},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":119,"show_sort_weight":120,"slug":121},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":126},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":129},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":131,"show_sort_weight":29,"slug":132},"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":134,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":135,"show_sort_weight":105,"slug":136},19,"General","general"]