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It explains the methodology’s key stages, including technical rehabilitation, topsoil identification and preparation, biological rehabilitation, and the whole mine cycle approach alongside mitigation priorities. The handbook also addresses labor health and safety and procedures for handing over rehabilitated areas, supported by annexes with economic, social, and ecological considerations, calculation formulas, and equipment guidance.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/frugal-rehabilitation-methodology-frm-field-handbook-2016/203250/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/frugal-rehabilitation-methodology-frm-field-handbook-2016/203250.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Liam","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-23","2026-09-04",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the Frugal Rehabilitation Methodology (FRM) intended to do?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"FRM establishes a practical, field-based methodology for rehabilitating mined areas, informed by demonstration case studies and stakeholder collaboration in Mongolia.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What major rehabilitation steps does FRM cover?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"FRM outlines technical rehabilitation, topsoil identification and preparation, biological rehabilitation, and guidance based on the whole mine cycle approach and mitigation hierarchy.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What role do health and safety and handover procedures play in FRM?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"FRM includes a labor and health/safety component and describes how to proceed with handing over the rehabilitated area after implementation.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},203250,1788557594,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":144},8796095461564,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","FRUGAL REHABILITATION METHODOLOGY  \n(FRM)  \nFIELD HANDBOOK  \n2016  \nDesigned and printed by Wiselight LLC  \nFRUGAL REHABILITATION METHODOLOGY  \n(FRM)  \nFIELD HANDBOOK  \n 4  Frugal Rehabilitation Methodology  \nLIST OF ABBREVIATIONS  \nASM Artisanal and Small Scale Mining  \nASMrs Artisanal Miners  \nESEC Engaging Stakeholders in Environmental Conservation Phase I and II  \nFR Frugal Rehabilitation  \nFRD Frugal Rehabilitation Demonstration  \nFRM Frugal Rehabilitation Methodology  \nFRT Frugal Rehabilitation Team (of national experts) GASI Generalized Agency for Specialized Inspection  \nLMC Local Multi-stakeholder Councils  \nLSM Large-Scale Mining  \nMoEGDT Ministry of Environment, Green Development and Tourism  \nMoM Ministry of Mining  \nMRAM Minerals Resources Agency of Mongolia  \nNGO Non-governmental organization  \nPAC Project Advisory Committee  \nRAP Rehabilitation Action Plan  \nSAM Sustainable Artisanal Mining Project  \nSDC Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation  \nTAF The Asia Foundation  \nWMCA Whole Mine Cycle Approach  \nFrugal Rehabilitation Methodology  5   \nCONTENT  \nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................................................................................. 6  \nFOREWORD .................................................................................................................................. 7  \nBACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 8  \nI. The Frugal Rehabilitation Methodology ................................................................................. 11  \n1. Introduction .................................................................................................................. 11  \n2. Technical rehabilitation ............................................................................................... 12  \n3. Identification and preparation of topsoil ....................................................................... 15  \n4. Biological rehabilitation ................................................................................................. 15  \n5. Whole mine cycle approach (ASM Frugal rehabilitation and the mitigation hierarchy) .............................................................................................. 19  \n6. Labor: Health and Safety .............................................................................................. 20  \n7. Handing over the rehabilitated area .............................................................................. 20  \nII. Annexes  \n1. Frugal Rehabilitation – defining considerations: Economic Affordability, Social Acceptability and Ecological Viability ........................................................................... 21  \n2. Formulas for the calculation of the infilling materials and topsoil .................................. 25  \n3. Commentary on specification and use of appropriate machinery-mechanization in artisanal environmental rehabilitation ..................................................................... 26  \nIII. Frugal rehabilitation performance monitoring (FRPM) Checklist ........................................... 28  \nVI. Rehabilitation Action Plan (RAP) Template ............................................................................ 34  \n 6  Frugal Rehabilitation Methodology  \nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  \nThe Frugal Rehabilitation Methodology (FRM) was based on an action research approach of practical demonstration, and was developed by the Engaging Stakeholders for Environmental Conservation (ESEC) II Project through collaboration with many national and local partners in Mongolia. The Asia Foundation is grateful to the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) for its generous support of the project.  \nThe Asia Foundation (TAF) would like to thank the following ESEC II staff who worked as a team to ensure that Frugal Rehabilitation Demonstration (FRD) projects be developed, planned and im","cbCairCekB5Rzn23","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairCekB5Rzn23","pdf",2378788,37,"English","# Acknowledgements\n# Foreword\n# Background and Introduction\n# The Frugal Rehabilitation Methodology\n## Introduction\n## Technical rehabilitation\n## Identification and preparation of topsoil\n## Biological rehabilitation\n## Whole mine cycle approach (ASM Frugal rehabilitation and the mitigation hierarchy)\n## Labor: Health and Safety\n## Handing over the rehabilitated area\n# Annexes\n## Frugal Rehabilitation defining considerations: Economic Affordability, Social Acceptability and Ecological Viability\n## Formulas for the calculation of the infilling materials and topsoil\n## Commentary on specification and use of appropriate machinery-mechanization in artisanal environmental rehabilitation\n# Frugal rehabilitation performance monitoring (FRPM) Checklist\n# Rehabilitation Action Plan (RAP) Template","[{\"question\":\"What is the Frugal Rehabilitation Methodology (FRM) intended to do?\",\"answer\":\"FRM establishes a practical, field-based methodology for rehabilitating mined areas, informed by demonstration case studies and stakeholder collaboration in Mongolia.\"},{\"question\":\"What major rehabilitation steps does FRM cover?\",\"answer\":\"FRM outlines technical rehabilitation, topsoil identification and preparation, biological rehabilitation, and guidance based on the whole mine cycle approach and mitigation hierarchy.\"},{\"question\":\"What role do health and safety and handover procedures play in FRM?\",\"answer\":\"FRM includes a labor and health/safety component and describes how to proceed with handing over the rehabilitated area after implementation.\"}]","Frugal Rehabilitation Methodology (FRM) - Field Handbook - 2016 | PDF",93]