[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-338436-105":59,"doc-detail-338436-en":123},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":116,"head_meta":118,"extra_data":120,"updated_unix":122},105,"en","fructose-metabolism-is-unregulated-in-cancers-and-placentae","Fructose metabolism is unregulated in cancers and placentae","","Fructose and lactate occur at high levels in uterine luminal fluid, fetal fluids, and fetal blood in ungulates and cetaceans, yet their physiological functions during pregnancy have been underestimated. This review assembles evidence that fructose and lactate support key metabolic pathways essential for growth and development of fetal-placental tissues, implantation, and placentation. It explains polyol pathway conversion of glucose to fructose in the uterus and fructose sequestration, then details fructolysis by ketohexokinase.",{"@graph":69,"@context":115},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/fructose-metabolism-is-unregulated-in-cancers-and-placentae/338436/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/fructose-metabolism-is-unregulated-in-cancers-and-placentae/338436.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Quinn","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-24","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What role does lactate play in regulating gene expression during low-oxygen conditions?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Lactate sustains hypoxia-inducible factor alpha activity and downstream targets such as vascular endothelial growth factor, increasing utero-placental blood flow critical for a successful pregnancy outcome.","Answer","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":117,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":119,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":121,"site_id":62},338436,1790541544,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":124},{"doc_id":121,"user_id":125,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":126,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":127,"file_id":128,"file_url":129,"file_type":130,"file_size":131,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":132,"language":133,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":134,"faqs":135,"seo_title":136,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":137,"read_time":138},962075114765,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","TYPE Review  \nPUBLISHED 28 October 2024 DOI 10.3389/ebm.2024.10200  \nOPEN ACCESS  \n*CORRESPONDENCE  \nFuller W. Bazer,  \n [fuller.bazer@ag.tamu.edu](fuller.bazer@ag.tamu.edu)  \nRECEIVED 15 April 2024  \nACCEPTED 30 September 2024  \nPUBLISHED 28 October 2024  \nCITATION  \nBazer FW, Wu G and Johnson GA (2024) Fructose metabolism is unregulated in cancers and placentae.  \nExp. Biol. Med. 249:10200 .  \ndoi: 10.3389/ebm.2024.10200  \nCOPYRIGHT  \n© 2024 Bazer, Wu and Johnson. This isan open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.  \nFructose metabolism is unregulated in cancers and placentae  \nFuller W. Bazer 1*, Guoyao Wu 1 and Gregory A. Johnson 2 1Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States, 2Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States  \nAbstract  \nFructose and lactate are present in high concentrations in uterine luminal fluid, fetal fluids and fetal blood of ungulates and cetaceans, but their roles have been ignored and they have been considered waste products of pregnancy. This review provides evidence for key roles of both fructose and lactate in support of key metabolic pathways required for growth and development of fetalplacental tissues, implantation and placentation. The uterus and placenta of ungulates convert glucose to fructose via the polyol pathway. Fructose is sequestered within the uterus and cannot be transported back into the maternal circulation. Fructose is phosphorylated by ketohexokinase to fructose-1-PO4 (F1P) by that is metabolized via the fructolysis pathway to yield dihydoxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-PO4 that are downstream of phosphofructokinase. Thus, there is no inhibition of the fructolysis pathway by low pH, citrate or ATP which allows F1P to continuously generate substrates for the pentose cycle, hexosamine biosynthesis pathway, one-carbon metabolism and tricarboxylic acid cycle, as well as lactate. Lactate sustains the activity of hypoxia-inducible factor alpha and its downstream targets such as vascular endothelial growth factor to increase utero-placental blood flow critical to growth and development of the fetal-placental tissues and a successful outcome of pregnancy. Pregnancy has been referred to as a controlled cancer and this review addresses similarities regarding metabolic aspects of tumors and the placenta.  \nKEYWORDS  \nglucose, fructose, lactate, pregnancy, tumor biology, placenta  \nIntroduction  \nProliferating cells, such as cancer cells and activated lymphocytes, are metabolically different from nonproliferating cells as they are programmed to utilize either anaerobic or aerobic glycolysis, the Warburg effect, depending on the availability of oxygen [1] . Glucose and fructose are hexose sugars that provide glycolytic intermediates for further metabolism via the pentose cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), one-carbon metabolism and hexosamine biosynthesis pathway. Glycolysis is a physiological response  \nExperimental Biology and Medicine  \nPublished by Frontiers  \n01 Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine  \nBazer et al. 10.3389/ebm.2024.10200  \nFIGURE 1  \nPlacentae of ungulates include the amnion, allantois and chorion with the latter two membranes forming the chorioallantois. The majority of blood flow is via placentomes composed on the caruncle on the maternal side (green portion) and the cotyledon on the fetal side (blue) . There are also areolae associated with the openings of uterine glands that form a “pocket” into which secretions are delivered and transported across thechorio","cbCailFtUaFZpKso","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailFtUaFZpKso","pdf",1830435,14,"English","# Abstract\n# Keywords\n# Introduction\n# Metabolic pathways and conceptus development\n# Placental structure and nutrient transport","[{\"question\":\"What role does lactate play in regulating gene expression during low-oxygen conditions?\",\"answer\":\"Lactate sustains hypoxia-inducible factor alpha activity and downstream targets such as vascular endothelial growth factor, increasing utero-placental blood flow critical for a successful pregnancy outcome.\"}]","Fructose metabolism is unregulated in cancers and placentae | PDF",1790023628,35]