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The journey progresses through qualitative and mechanistic atomism, the quantification of chemistry, chemical bonding, and the changing relationship between chemistry and biology. It then connects quantum theory, macromolecules, molecular biology, and cellular chemism with the central problem of what life is, emphasizing systemic, organizational, and thermodynamic perspectives.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/from-the-atom-to-living-systems-a-chemical-and-philosophical-journey-into-modern-and-contemporary-science/128996/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/from-the-atom-to-living-systems-a-chemical-and-philosophical-journey-into-modern-and-contemporary-science/128996.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Levi","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-19","2026-08-06",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How does the book connect atomism to living systems?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It traces scientific developments from qualitative and mechanistic atomism toward molecules, macromolecules, genes, cellular chemistry, and finally the chemical perspective on what life is.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which major milestones in chemistry are covered before life sciences are addressed?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The book reviews the quantification of chemistry, affinity and compound concepts, definite proportions, Daltonian atomism, valence and chemical bonds, and the rise of organic chemistry and molecular structure.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What role does quantum theory play in the book’s overall argument?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Quantum mechanics provides a new framework for understanding atoms and chemical bonds, linking subatomic structure to contemporary accounts of bonding and molecular behavior.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},128996,1786007024,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":144},5909887256941,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","From the Atom to Living Systems  \n[OceanofPDF.com](OceanofPDF.com)  \nFrom the Atom to Living Systems  \nA Chemical and Philosophical Journey into Modern  \nand Contemporary Science  \nMARINA PAOLA BANCHETTI-ROBINO AND GIOVANNI VILLANI  \n[OceanofPDF.com](OceanofPDF.com)  \nOxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries.  \nPublished in the United States of America by Oxford University Press  \n198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.  \n© Oxford University Press 2023  \nAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above.  \nYou must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any  \nacquirer.  \nCIP data is on file at the Library of Congress  \nISBN 978–0–19–759890–0  \neISBN 978–0–19–759892–4  \nDOI: 10. 1093/oso/9780197598900 .001.0001  \n[OceanofPDF.com](OceanofPDF.com)  \nTable of Contents  \nIntroduction: A Systemic Chemistry  \n1. Qualitative Atomism and Life within the 18th-Century Atomistic Pers  \npective  \nQualitative Corpuscularianism in the Renaissance and Early Modern P  \neriods  \nThe Rejection of Hylomorphism and the Theory of Substantial Form  \nJan Baptista van Helmont and Qualitative Atomism  \nThe French Materialists and the Concept of Living Points  \n2. Early Modern Mechanistic Atomism and the Concept of Structure  \nThe Mechanistic Theory of Matter  \nThe Cartesian Mechanical Philosophy and the Denial of Substantial F  \norm  \nPierre Gassendi and Mechanistic Atomism  \nRobert Boyle and Form as Mechanistic Structure  \n3. Newton and the Newtonians  \nNewton’s Relation to Cartesian Rationalism and Experimental Empiri  \ncism  \nThe Newtonian Reaction to Mechanistic Atomism  \nThe Leibnizian Programme and the Kantian Physical Monadology  \nBoscovich’s Point Particles and the Unification of 18th-Century Physi  \ncs  \n4. Lavoisier and the Quantification of Chemistry  \nThe Concept of Element and the Fundamental Nature of Material Real  \nity  \nLavoisier ’s Empiricism and His Operational Concept of Element  \nLavoisier ’s Quantification of Chemistry  \n5. Affinity, Compounds, and the Laws of Definite Proportions  \nGeoffroy and Bergman on Affinity  \nBerthollet’s Concepts of Chemical Compound and Variable Proportion  \ns  \nProust’s Classification of Substances and the Law of Definite Proporti  \nons  \n6. John Dalton and Chemical Atomism  \nThe Problem of Reconciling Elementarity with Atomicity  \nThe Weakness of Atomism for Experimental Science  \nJohn Dalton  \nSome Problems with Dalton’s Chemical Atomism  \n7. Valence, Chemical Bonds, and the Theory of Elements  \nWilliam Prout’s Hypothesis Regarding Atomic Weights  \nAffinity, Valence, and Molecular Structure  \nMendeleev, the Periodic Table, and Theory of Elements  \n8. Organic Chemistry, Molecules, and the Implications for Atomism  \nBackground for the Molecular Structure Hypothesis  \nKekulé’s Concept of Transformation Formulae  \nAtomic Bonding and Butlerov’s Structural Theory  \n9. The Relationship between Chemistry and Biology in the 19th Century  \nMatter and the Processes of Living Beings  \nWöhler ’s Artificial Synthesis of Urea  \nThe Dispute between Berthelot and Pasteur over Fermentation  \nThe Discovery of Buchner ’s Cell-Free Fermentation  \nEnergy/Heat in Living and Physiological Chemistry  \nOrder/Disorder and the Complexity of Living Beings: Finalism and th  \ne Evolution of Sp","cbCaioSqChjD2rUZ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioSqChjD2rUZ","pdf",3358448,354,"English","# Introduction: A Systemic Chemistry\n## 1. Qualitative Atomism and Life within the 18th-Century Atomistic Perspective\n## 2. Early Modern Mechanistic Atomism and the Concept of Structure\n## 3. Newton and the Newtonians\n## 4. Lavoisier and the Quantification of Chemistry\n## 5. Affinity, Compounds, and the Laws of Definite Proportions\n## 6. John Dalton and Chemical Atomism\n## 7. Valence, Chemical Bonds, and the Theory of Elements\n## 8. Organic Chemistry, Molecules, and the Implications for Atomism\n## 9. The Relationship between Chemistry and Biology in the 19th Century\n## 10. The Quantum Revolution Subatomic Particles and Atomic Structure\n## 11. The Emergence of the Concept of Macromolecule\n## 12. From the Gene to Metagenomics: The Frontiers of Molecular Biology\n## 13. Cellular Chemism\n## 14. What Is Life? The Chemical Perspective and Its Relation to Other Perspectives\n## Conclusion\n## Bibliography\n## Index","[{\"question\":\"How does the book connect atomism to living systems?\",\"answer\":\"It traces scientific developments from qualitative and mechanistic atomism toward molecules, macromolecules, genes, cellular chemistry, and finally the chemical perspective on what life is.\"},{\"question\":\"Which major milestones in chemistry are covered before life sciences are addressed?\",\"answer\":\"The book reviews the quantification of chemistry, affinity and compound concepts, definite proportions, Daltonian atomism, valence and chemical bonds, and the rise of organic chemistry and molecular structure.\"},{\"question\":\"What role does quantum theory play in the book’s overall argument?\",\"answer\":\"Quantum mechanics provides a new framework for understanding atoms and chemical bonds, linking subatomic structure to contemporary accounts of bonding and molecular behavior.\"}]","From the Atom to Living Systems - A Chemical and Philosophical Journey into Modern and Contemporary Science | PDF",892]