[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-584766-105":59,"doc-detail-584766-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","from-school-aid-to-student-aid-modernizing-k-12-funding-in-michigan","From School Aid to Student Aid - Modernizing K-12 Funding in Michigan","","The Mackinac Center for Public Policy outlines an argument for modernizing Michigan’s K-12 funding system by shifting emphasis from rigid school-centered funding toward student-centered aid. It explains how COVID-19 intensified strain on school operations and threatened revenue streams, while federal relief provided temporary cash. Looking ahead, it recommends tying education dollars directly to student needs and choices and expanding educator flexibility, supported by an infrastructure that better adapts to personal learning needs. The document also surveys enrollment trends across public, charter, and private schools.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/from-school-aid-to-student-aid-modernizing-k-12-funding-in-michigan/584766/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/from-school-aid-to-student-aid-modernizing-k-12-funding-in-michigan/584766.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Damian","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-05","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why does the document argue that Michigan should prioritize student aid over school aid?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It argues that policymakers should focus on students’ and families’ needs rather than preserving institutional structures. The proposed approach ties education dollars more directly to student needs and choices while supporting adaptive learning delivery.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How did COVID-19 increase pressure on Michigan’s K-12 funding and operations?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"COVID-19 amplified the need for school systems to adapt to students with diverse needs. Building closures reshaped daily activities, while business closures and layoffs threatened school tax revenue, increasing pressure on funding stability.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What does the document say about enrollment trends across Michigan’s school sectors?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It notes that charter schools enroll more than 10% of public students and that public enrollment has fallen since 2003. It also reports a larger decline in private school enrollment from 2009 to 2017 compared with public schools.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},584766,1792191074,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},137451208677,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","BEN DEGROW  \nThe Mackinac Center for Public Policy is a nonpartisan research and educational institute dedicated to improving the quality of life for all Michigan residents by promoting sound solutions to state and local policy questions. The Mackinac Center assists policymakers, scholars, businesspeople, the media and the public by providing objective analysis of Michigan issues. The goal of all Center reports, commentaries and educational programs is to equip Michigan residents and other decision makers to better evaluate policy options. The Mackinac Center for Public Policy is broadening the debate on issues that have for many years been dominated by the belief that government intervention should be the standard solution. Center publications and programs, in contrast, offer an integrated and comprehensive approach that considers:  \nAll Institutions. The Center examines the important role of voluntary associations, communities, businesses and families, as well as government.  \nAll People. Mackinac Center research recognizes the diversity of Michigan residents and treats them as individuals with unique backgrounds, circumstances and goals.  \nAll Disciplines. Center research incorporates the best understanding of economics, science, law, psychology, history and morality, moving beyond mechanical cost-benefit analysis.  \nAll Times. Center research evaluates long-term consequences, not simply short-term impact.  \nCommitted to its independence, the Mackinac Center for Public Policy neither seeks nor accepts any government funding. The Center enjoys the support of foundations, individuals and businesses that share a concern for Michigan’s future and recognize the important role of sound ideas. The Center is a nonprofit, tax-exempt organization under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. For more information on programs and publications of the Mackinac Center for Public Policy, please contact:  \nMackinac Center for Public Policy 140 West Main Street P.O. Box 568 Midland, Michigan 48640  \n989-631-0900 Fax: 989-631-0964 [Mackinac.org](Mackinac.org) [mcpp@mackinac.org](mcpp@mackinac.org)  \n© 2022 by the Mackinac Center for Public Policy, Midland, Michigan ISBN: [978-1-942502-54-8 | S2022-01 | Mackinac.org/s2022-01](978-1-942502-54-8 | S2022-01 | Mackinac.org/s2022-01)  \n[140 West Main Street P.O. Box 568 Midland](140 West Main Street P.O. Box 568 Midland) , Michigan 48640  \n989-631-0900 Fax 989-631-0964 [Mackinac.org](Mackinac.org) [mcpp@mackinac.org](mcpp@mackinac.org)  \nFrom School Aid to Student Aid: Modernizing K-12 Funding in Michigan 2  \nThe unique shock ofCOVID-19 has amplified the pressure on rigidly designed school systems to adapt effectively to serve students with increasingly varying and diverse needs. Extended school building closures reshaped the day-to-day and familiar activities of faculty and staff in the short run, while business closures and private sector layoffs threatened key sources of school tax revenue. Yet federal relief funds arrived in multiple waves, not only ensuring the status quo level of funding but also providing an unprecedented injection of new cash into the state's K-12 system.6 Looking to the future, Michigan should focus on tying education dollars more directly to student needs and choices and on empowering educator flexibility to meet changing local needs.  \nThis combined challenge compels a close look at the state's approach to funding and delivering K- 12 education. Ifthe primary focus ofpolicymakers shifts from preserving institutional structures and prerogatives to meeting the needs of students and their families, the challenge may well prove fruitful. The time is right to reform Michigan's bureaucratic infrastructure and develop a funding model that better adapts to personal learning needs. This should apply broadly to an array of education revenue streams. Put simply, student aid should take precedence over school aid.  \nK-12 Enrollment Trends: Slow Decline And Sudden Disruption ","cbCaiqNbmIQj2h5X","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqNbmIQj2h5X","pdf",10440127,36,"English","# Funding reform: from school aid to student aid\n## Impact of COVID-19 on K-12 systems\n## Future direction for Michigan’s education dollars\n## K-12 enrollment trends and disruption\n## Enrollment structure: districts, schools of choice, and charters\n## Private school enrollment decline","[{\"question\":\"Why does the document argue that Michigan should prioritize student aid over school aid?\",\"answer\":\"It argues that policymakers should focus on students’ and families’ needs rather than preserving institutional structures. The proposed approach ties education dollars more directly to student needs and choices while supporting adaptive learning delivery.\"},{\"question\":\"How did COVID-19 increase pressure on Michigan’s K-12 funding and operations?\",\"answer\":\"COVID-19 amplified the need for school systems to adapt to students with diverse needs. Building closures reshaped daily activities, while business closures and layoffs threatened school tax revenue, increasing pressure on funding stability.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the document say about enrollment trends across Michigan’s school sectors?\",\"answer\":\"It notes that charter schools enroll more than 10% of public students and that public enrollment has fallen since 2003. It also reports a larger decline in private school enrollment from 2009 to 2017 compared with public schools.\"}]","From School Aid to Student Aid - Modernizing K-12 Funding in Michigan | PDF",1792052281,91]