[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-654544-105":59,"doc-detail-654544-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","free2cad-parsing-freehand-drawings-into-cad-commands","Free2CAD - Parsing Freehand Drawings into CAD Commands","","Free2CAD addresses barriers to 3D computer-aided design by enabling users to sketch a target shape and automatically converting the strokes into a sequence of CAD operations expressed in a simplified CAD language. The system segments the input drawing into stroke groups, where each group corresponds to a part producible by a unique CAD command, then sequentially infers and fits operation parameters. CAD programs executed from these commands reproduce a faithful 3D shape, validated on sketches from real-world CAD models and novice users, using a Transformer-based sequence-to-sequence architecture.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":30,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/technology/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/free2cad-parsing-freehand-drawings-into-cad-commands/654544/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/free2cad-parsing-freehand-drawings-into-cad-commands/654544.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"OKfine","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-25",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the core idea behind Free2CAD?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Free2CAD lets users sketch the final shape and converts the sketch strokes into a sequence of CAD commands that reproduce the object when executed.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does Free2CAD process the input strokes?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It first segments the freehand drawing into stroke groups, where each group maps to a CAD operation, and then recognizes and fits the parameters for each command sequentially.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What CAD language does the system use in this work?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The paper focuses on a simplified CAD language based on positive and negative extrusions, designed to be expressive enough for moderate-complexity models from novice drawings.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},654544,1793006689,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":29,"category_name":30,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":36},962093957596,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Free2CAD: Parsing Freehand Drawings into CAD Commands CHANGJIAN LI, Inria, Université Côte d’Azur, France and University College London, United Kingdom HAO PAN, Microsoft Research Asia, China  \nADRIEN BOUSSEAU, Inria, Université Côte d’Azur, France  \nNILOY J. MITRA, University College London, United Kingdom and Adobe Research, United Kingdom  \nCommands:  \nAdd: \u003CCylinder, length 0.18>  \nAdd: \u003CCylinder, length 0.61>  \nAdd: \u003CRecprism, length 0.18>  \nSub: \u003CCylinder, length-0.18>  \nG1  \nG2  \nG3  \nG4  \nCommands:  \nAdd: \u003CRecprism, length 0.45>  \nSub: \u003CCylinder, length-0.43>  \nSub: \u003CCylinder, length-0.43>  \nAdd: \u003CRecprism, length 0.27>  \n(a) Input (b) Segmented Groups (c) CAD Commands (d) Final Shape  \nFig. 1. Parsing freehand drawings into CAD programs. In this example, the user simply draws the final shape of the hammer and the anvil (a, strokes colored by drawing order as red → yellow) . From this input, Free2CAD produces a corresponding set of CAD commands (c), thus freeing the user from having to mentally parse how to construct the shape with valid CAD operations. At the core of our system is a deep sequence-to-sequence neural network that automatically segments the input drawing into groups of strokes (b), each group representing a part of the shape that can be produced by a unique CAD command. Our system sequentially processes each groups to recognize and fit the corresponding CAD commands, yielding a CAD program which, when executed, produces a 3D shape that is faithful to the input drawing (d) .  \nCAD modeling, despite being the industry-standard, remains restricted to usage by skilled practitioners due to two key barriers. First, the user must be able to mentally parse a final shape into a valid sequence of supported CAD commands; and second, the user must be sufficiently conversant with CAD software packages to be able to execute the corresponding CAD commands. As a step towards addressing both these challenges, we present Free2CAD wherein the user can simply sketch the final shape and our system parses the input strokes into a sequence of commands expressed in a simplified CAD language. When executed, these commands reproduce the sketched object. Technically, we cast sketch-based CAD modeling as a sequence-to-sequence  \nAuthors’ addresses: Changjian Li, Inria, Université Côte d’Azur, 2004 route des lucioles, Valbonne, France and University College London, United Kingdom, chjili2011@gmail. com; Hao Pan, Microsoft Research Asia, No.5 Danling Rd, Beijing, China, haopan@ [microsoft.com](microsoft.com); Adrien Bousseau, Inria, Université Côte d’Azur, 2004 route des lucioles, Valbonne, France, [adrien.bousseau@inria.fr](adrien.bousseau@inria.fr); NiloyJ. Mitra, University College London, 169 Euston Square, London, United Kingdom and Adobe Research, United Kingdom, [n.mitra@cs.ucl.ac.uk](n.mitra@cs.ucl.ac.uk).  \n© 2022 Copyright held by the owner/author(s) . Publication rights licensed to ACM. This is the author’s version of the work. It is posted here for your personal use. Not for redistribution. The definitive Version of Record was published in ACM Transactions on Graphics, [https://doi.org/10.1145/3528223.3530133](https://doi.org/10.1145/3528223.3530133) .  \ntranslation problem, for which we leverage the powerful Transformers neural network architecture. Given the sequence of pen strokes as input, we introduce the new task of grouping strokes that correspond to individual CAD operations. We combine stroke grouping with geometric fitting of the operation parameters, such that intermediate groups are geometrically corrected before being reused, as context, for subsequent steps in the sequence inference. Although trained on synthetically-generated data, we demonstrate that Free2CAD generalizes to sketches created from real-world CAD models as well as to sketches drawn by novice users.  \nCode and data are at [https:// github.com/ Enigma-li/ Free2CAD](https:// github.com/ Enigma-li/ Free2CAD).  \nCCS Concepts: • Computing methodolo","cbCairIAVXYNjCVs","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairIAVXYNjCVs","pdf",63645857,16,"English","# Introduction\n## Problem: CAD Complexity for Novices\n## Free2CAD Approach: Sketch to CAD Commands\n## Simplified CAD Language and Feasibility","[{\"question\":\"What is the core idea behind Free2CAD?\",\"answer\":\"Free2CAD lets users sketch the final shape and converts the sketch strokes into a sequence of CAD commands that reproduce the object when executed.\"},{\"question\":\"How does Free2CAD process the input strokes?\",\"answer\":\"It first segments the freehand drawing into stroke groups, where each group maps to a CAD operation, and then recognizes and fits the parameters for each command sequentially.\"},{\"question\":\"What CAD language does the system use in this work?\",\"answer\":\"The paper focuses on a simplified CAD language based on positive and negative extrusions, designed to be expressive enough for moderate-complexity models from novice drawings.\"}]","Free2CAD - Parsing Freehand Drawings into CAD Commands | PDF",1792924798]