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Free-water diffusion (FWD) and quantitative T1 (qT1) mapping are assessed as candidate, non-specific biomarkers, since cytokine-mediated increases in tissue water should elevate both FWD and T1 values in affected 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is the study aiming to evaluate in FTLD?","Question",{"text":62,"@type":63},"The study investigates T1 mapping and free-water diffusion (FWD) as candidate neuroinflammatory biomarkers in FTLD.","Answer",{"name":65,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":66},"Which imaging protocols were used to generate T1 maps and FWD maps?",{"text":67,"@type":63},"T1-weighted MPRAGE, diffusion-weighted EPI (two shells) for free-water mapping, and MP2RAGE for qT1 mapping were acquired on a Siemens MAGNETOM Prisma 3T scanner.",{"name":69,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":70},"What do the preliminary results indicate about FWD and qT1?",{"text":71,"@type":63},"Preliminary results suggest that both FWD and qT1 are increased in areas where FTLD pathology is expected, and further work is planned to relate these imaging measures to biofluid neuroinflammatory 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Diffusion and Quantitative T1 mapping in FTLD  \nVishaal Sumra1  Sriranga Kashyap2  Kamil Uludag3  Kamil Uludag3   \nNico Paulo Dimal4, 5  Alonso Morales-Rivero6  Abeer Khoja6, 7  Carmela Tartaglia5, 8, 9  \n1 University of Toronto/ University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada  \n2 Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada  \n3 Krembil Brain Institute, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada  \n4 Memory Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada  \n5 University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada  \n6Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network Memory Clinic, Toronto, ON, Canada  \n7The Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson’s Disease and Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto, ON, Canada  \n8Toronto Western Hospital, Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Toronto, ON, Canada  \n9 Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada  \nCorrespondence  \nVishaal Sumra, University of Toronto/ University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.  \n[Email:](Email: Vishaal.Sumra@uhn.ca)[ Vishaal.Sumra@uhn.ca](Email: Vishaal.Sumra@uhn.ca)  \nAbstract  \nBackground: Neuroinflammation has been proposed as a common feature of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Differences in inflammatory profiles have been observed between NDs suggesting disease specific inflammatory profiles. In frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), neuroinflammation and proteinopathyare expected in frontal and temporal regions, depending on subtype. Free-water diffusion (FWD) and T1 maps are non-specific biomarkers of neuroinflammation, where increased tissue water caused by cytokine release is expected to increase both FWD and T1 values. Here we investigate T1 mapping and FWD as candidate neuroinflammatory biomarker in FTLD.  \nMethod: Data was acquired in 25 subjects: 8 corticobasal syndrome (CBS, 4M 4F, mean age 65), 3 semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA, 3F, mean age 80), 4 progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP, 3F, 1M mean age 77), 7 behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) (6M,1F mean age 68), and 3 healthy control subjects with a family history of FTLD but gene negative (1M,2F, mean age 52). T1-weighted MPRAGE, diffusion-weighted EPI (two shells) for free-water mapping, and MP2RAGE for qT1 mapping were acquired on a Siemens MAGNETOM Prisma 3T scanner. Skull stripping and binary mask creation were done using ICVmapp3r on T1-weighted MPRAGE scans. MP2RAGE T1 maps were corrected for B1+ using a separately acquired B1+ map. FWD maps were processed with Synb0, FSL’s topup, FSL’s eddy, and in-house MATLAB to generate final FWD maps. FWD and T1 maps were co-registered using FSL flirt. FWD and T1 values were extracted in the caudate, as well as frontal and temporal regions where FTLD pathology is expected.  \nResult: FWD maps show good contrast between tissue and CSF, whereas T1 maps show good contrast between grey matter, white matter and CSF. We observe trends in the expected directions with increased T1 and FW in frontal vs occipital regions in PSP, bvFTD, CBS and svPPA patients, and increased FW and T1 in the frontal cortex in bvFTD, CBS, and PSP patients compared to clinically normal individuals.  \nThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.  \n© 2025 The Alzheimer’s Association. Alzheimer’s & Dementia published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Alzheimer’s Association.  \nAlzheimer’s Dement. 2025;21(Suppl. 2):e106763.  \n[https://doi.org/10.1002/alz70856_106763](https://doi.org/10.1002/alz70856_106763)  \nwi[leyonlinelibrary.com/journal/alz](leyonlinelibrary.com/journal/alz)  \n1of3  \nConclusion: Our preliminary results s","cbCaiuivcW5ROqKu","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiuivcW5ROqKu","pdf",2516226,"English","# Abstract\n## Background\n## Method\n## Result\n## Conclusion","[{\"question\":\"What is the study aiming to evaluate in FTLD?\",\"answer\":\"The study investigates T1 mapping and free-water diffusion (FWD) as candidate neuroinflammatory biomarkers in FTLD.\"},{\"question\":\"Which imaging protocols were used to generate T1 maps and FWD maps?\",\"answer\":\"T1-weighted MPRAGE, diffusion-weighted EPI (two shells) for free-water mapping, and MP2RAGE for qT1 mapping were acquired on a Siemens MAGNETOM Prisma 3T scanner.\"},{\"question\":\"What do the preliminary results indicate about FWD and qT1?\",\"answer\":\"Preliminary results suggest that both FWD and qT1 are increased in areas where FTLD pathology is expected, and further work is planned to relate these imaging measures to biofluid neuroinflammatory biomarkers.\"}]","Free-water Diffusion and Quantitative T1 mapping in FTLD | PDF"]