[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-33289":3,"doc-seo-33289":27},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"file_id":15,"file_url":16,"file_type":17,"file_size":18,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":19,"is_downloadable":19,"audit_status":19,"page_count":20,"language":21,"language_code":22,"table_of_contents":23,"faqs":24,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":25,"read_time":26},33289,137441390410,"Hazel","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/2000252f4ab5702993?_k=1776741390130283984",8,"Research & Report","Frederick Copleston A History of Philosophy Volume 4 Modern Philosophy From Descartes to Leibniz","A History of Philosophy (Volume IV) by Frederick Copleston presents a structured study of early modern philosophy, tracing continuity and innovation from late medieval and Renaissance thought. The outline covers core movements such as continental rationalism, British empiricism, the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and the rise of the philosophy of history leading to Kant. It then examines major figures including Descartes (method, innate ideas, doubt, mind-body relations), Pascal, Cartesianism, Malebranche, and Spinoza across successive thematic chapters.","cbCaipIV5eIWWV6c","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipIV5eIWWV6c","pdf",7179732,1,384,"English","en","# Preface\n# Introduction\n# Descartes (1)\n# Descartes (2)\n# Descartes (3)\n# Descartes (4)\n# Descartes (5)\n# Pascal\n# Cartesianism\n# Malebranche\n# Spinoza (1)\n# Spinoza (2)\n# Spinoza (3)\n# Spinoza (4)","[{\"question\":\"What themes are covered in the introduction to early modern philosophy?\",\"answer\":\"The introduction focuses on continuity and novelty in modern philosophy’s relation to medieval and Renaissance thought, continental rationalism, British empiricism, the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, political philosophy, the rise of the philosophy of history, and Kant.\"},{\"question\":\"Which parts of Descartes’ philosophy does Volume IV examine?\",\"answer\":\"It covers Descartes’ life and works, his aim and idea of method, innate ideas, methodic doubt, the cogito and criteria of truth, the existence of God, the explanation of error, mind-body relations, qualities of bodies, motion, duration and time, and provisional ethics and passions.\"},{\"question\":\"How is Spinoza treated across the book’s later chapters?\",\"answer\":\"Spinoza is presented in multiple chapters addressing his life and works and method, substance and attributes, infinite modes and finite modes, mind and body, degrees of knowledge, human emotions and conduct, servitude and freedom, the intellectual love of God, and issues in his ethical consistency.\"}]",1782206964,968,{"code":4,"msg":28,"data":29},"ok",{"site_id":30,"language":22,"slug":31,"title":13,"keywords":32,"description":14,"schema_data":33,"social_meta":84,"head_meta":86,"extra_data":88,"updated_unix":25},105,"frederick-copleston-a-history-of-philosophy-volume-4-modern-philosophy-from-descartes-to-leibniz","",{"@graph":34,"@context":83},[35,52,66],{"@type":36,"itemListElement":37},"BreadcrumbList",[38,42,46,49],{"item":39,"name":40,"@type":41,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":43,"name":44,"@type":41,"position":45},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":47,"name":12,"@type":41,"position":48},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":50,"name":13,"@type":41,"position":51},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/frederick-copleston-a-history-of-philosophy-volume-4-modern-philosophy-from-descartes-to-leibniz/33289/",4,{"url":50,"name":13,"@type":53,"author":54,"headline":13,"publisher":56,"fileFormat":59,"description":14,"dateModified":60,"datePublished":60,"encodingFormat":59,"isAccessibleForFree":61,"interactionStatistic":62},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":55},"Person",{"url":39,"name":57,"@type":58},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-06-23",true,{"@type":63,"interactionType":64,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":65},"ViewAction",{"@type":67,"mainEntity":68},"FAQPage",[69,75,79],{"name":70,"@type":71,"acceptedAnswer":72},"What themes are covered in the introduction to early modern philosophy?","Question",{"text":73,"@type":74},"The introduction focuses on continuity and novelty in modern philosophy’s relation to medieval and Renaissance thought, continental rationalism, British empiricism, the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, political philosophy, the rise of the philosophy of history, and Kant.","Answer",{"name":76,"@type":71,"acceptedAnswer":77},"Which parts of Descartes’ philosophy does Volume IV examine?",{"text":78,"@type":74},"It covers Descartes’ life and works, his aim and idea of method, innate ideas, methodic doubt, the cogito and criteria of truth, the existence of God, the explanation of error, mind-body relations, qualities of bodies, motion, duration and time, and provisional ethics and passions.",{"name":80,"@type":71,"acceptedAnswer":81},"How is Spinoza treated across the book’s later chapters?",{"text":82,"@type":74},"Spinoza is presented in multiple chapters addressing his life and works and method, substance and attributes, infinite modes and finite modes, mind and body, degrees of knowledge, human emotions and conduct, servitude and freedom, the intellectual love of God, and issues in his ethical consistency.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":50,"og:type":85,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":57,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":87,"canonical":50},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":30}]