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Grounded in theories of new media, the digital divide, and digital literacy, it analyzes activists as social actors in fostering inclusion. Online interviews with 47 activists produce four findings on activist profiles, program delivery priorities, target-group segmentation, and dual internal/external challenges to empowerment and social inclusion.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/fostering-digital-inclusion-in-indonesia-the-insights-of-activists-on-digital-literacy-programs-for-vulnerable-groups/606613/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/fostering-digital-inclusion-in-indonesia-the-insights-of-activists-on-digital-literacy-programs-for-vulnerable-groups/606613.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Pentious","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-16",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the focus of the case study on digital literacy programs in Indonesia?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study focuses on activists’ insights into digital literacy programs for vulnerable groups in Indonesia and how these efforts support social equality.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was the primary data collected for the study?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The primary method was online interviews conducted with 47 activists.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What vulnerable groups are targeted in the activists’ digital literacy programs?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The primary targets include children, the elderly, and women, while secondary targets include 3T region residents, people with disabilities, the LGBTQ+ community, and indigenous belief groups.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},606613,1792624168,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":46,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":31},1374404730887,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Atlantic Journal of Communication  \nISSN: 1545-6870 (Print) 1545-6889 (Online) Journal [homepage: ](homepage: www.tandfonline.com/journals/hajc20)[www.tandfonline.com/journals/hajc20](homepage: www.tandfonline.com/journals/hajc20)  \nFostering digital inclusion in Indonesia: The insights of activists on digital literacy programs for vulnerable groups  \nNovi Kurnia & Dzikri Abdilla h Adzi mat Suk mayadi  \nTo cite this article: Novi Kurnia & Dzikri Abdilla h Adzi mat Suk mayadi (31 Jul 2026): Fostering digital inclusion in Indonesia: The insights of activists on digital literacy programs for vulnerable groups, Atlantic Journal of Communication, DOI: 10.1080/15456870.2026.2712527  \nTo link to this article: [https://doi.org/10.1080/15456870.2026.2712527](https://doi.org/10.1080/15456870.2026.2712527)  \n Published online: 31 Jul 2026.  \n\n|  Submit your article to this journal  |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Article views: 104 |\n| | View related articles  |\n|  View Crossmark data |  |\n\nFull Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at [https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=hajc20](https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=hajc20)  \nFostering digital inclusion in Indonesia: The insights of activists on digital literacy programs for vulnerable groups  \nNovi Kurnia  and Dzikri Abdillah Adzimat Sukmayadi   \nDepartment of Communication Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, Indonesia  \nABSTRACT  \nThis case study focuses on the insights of activists involved in digital literacy programs for vulnerable groups in Indonesia, which is essential to promote social equality. Employing theories related to new media, digital divide and digital literacy, this study aims to elaborate on the activists’ roles as social actors in fostering digital inclusion. The primary method of data collection was online interviews conducted with 47 activists, which yielded four main findings. First, most of the activists are middle-aged Javanese female educators. Second, the activists emphasize their focus on program delivery rather than its evaluation for sustainability. Third, the vulnerable groups are split into primary targets (children, the elderly, and women) and secondary targets (3T region residents, people with disabilities, the LGBTQ+ community, and indigenous belief groups) . Fourth, they faced dual challenges: internally, in facilitating the primary groups for domestic empowerment, and externally, in supporting the secondary groups for social inclusion. These findings not only serve as a data source for activists to minimize digital disparities among various vulnerable groups when designing their programs but also serve as a valuable contribution to studies within new media and communication studies on the role of digital literacy activists.  \nIntroduction  \nThe intensifying daily use of digital media creates challenges for its users, such as the spread of mis/ disinformation and hate speech (Kurnia, Nurhajati, et al., 2020), cyberbullying (Milyane et al., 2025), data privacy leaks (Rosadi et al., 2023), and digital fraud (Kurnia et al., 2022) . However, when used with discernment, digital media has the potential to educate (Puspitasari et al., 2025), increase citizen participation (Hutajulu & Lestari, 2023; Martens & Hobbs, 2015), combat mis/disinformation (Kurnia et al., 2024), and combat hate speech (Kurnia, Wendratama, et al., 2020) . To minimize the challengesand increase its advantages instead, digital literacy programs are implemented to empower users (Kurnia & Astuti, 2017; Lee et al., 2025; Smit et al., 2025) .  \nIn Indonesia, digital literacy activists – ranging from stakeholders such as the government, educational institutions, media, non-governmental organizations, to self-organized communities – are the backbone of digital literacy programs. In a study mapping the national digital literacy movement in 2010–2017, conducted by a digital literacy activist network called Jaringan Pegiat Liter","cbCaieGL3W1WzhaI","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieGL3W1WzhaI","pdf",963976,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Digital media challenges and opportunities\n## Digital literacy activists and program expansion\n## National initiatives and program modules\n## Rationale linked to the digital divide","[{\"question\":\"What is the focus of the case study on digital literacy programs in Indonesia?\",\"answer\":\"The study focuses on activists’ insights into digital literacy programs for vulnerable groups in Indonesia and how these efforts support social equality.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the primary data collected for the study?\",\"answer\":\"The primary method was online interviews conducted with 47 activists.\"},{\"question\":\"What vulnerable groups are targeted in the activists’ digital literacy programs?\",\"answer\":\"The primary targets include children, the elderly, and women, while secondary targets include 3T region residents, people with disabilities, the LGBTQ+ community, and indigenous belief groups.\"}]","Fostering digital inclusion in Indonesia - The insights of activists on digital literacy programs for vulnerable groups | PDF",1792185268]