[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-590700-105":59,"doc-detail-590700-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","fostering-civil-discourse-within-the-democratic-classroom","Fostering Civil Discourse within the Democratic Classroom","","Educating 21st century students to practice reasoned, civil discourse is presented as a moral imperative for sustaining democratic life. A strong democracy relies on citizens who listen to and consider opposing views, treat others as partners, and cooperate through respectful communication and consensus building. These habits require deliberate cultivation: teachers must design democratic classrooms that foster effective relationships, critical thinking about diverse ideas, ethical decision-making, and civil communication across differing understandings.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/fostering-civil-discourse-within-the-democratic-classroom/590700/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/fostering-civil-discourse-within-the-democratic-classroom/590700.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Stanley","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is civil discourse considered a moral imperative in the democratic classroom?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It is framed as essential for students to participate in and sustain democracy by listening to opposing views, treating others as partners, and building consensus through respectful communication and cooperation.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What does “learning democracy” mean beyond learning about democracy?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Students learn democracy through democratic participation in the school community, where democratic ideals are modeled and shared experiences support common interests and responsibility.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which five democratic principles are highlighted as needing to be evident in the classroom?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Popular sovereignty, freedom via reflective thinking and informed decisions, equality through fair treatment and equal opportunities, individualism supported by self-discipline and direction, and social responsibility through group problem-solving and collaboration.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},590700,1792166395,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":39,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":46,"preview_page_count":4},2336477405376,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Fostering Civil Discourse within the Democratic Classroom  \nKimberly D . Crosby, Ed .D .  \nLyon College  \nAbstract  \nEducating 21st century students to participate in reasoned, civil discourse is a moral imperative. A strong democracy depends upon the ability of its citizens to hear and consider opposing views, to view others as partners rather than adversaries, to cooperate and compromise when addressing important issues, to collaborate in order to accomplish shared goals and solve problems, and to communicate skillfully and respectfully as a means of consensus building. These democratic habits of thought and behavior are unlikely to develop without careful, intentional nurturing. Teachers must create democratic classrooms in which students learn how to develop effective and respectful relationships, how to think critically about diverse ideas, how to make reasonable and ethical choices, and how to communicate civilly with those whose understandings or opinions differ from theirs. This article proposes a framework for creating such a classroom and suggests approaches which reinforce democratic principles and promote civil discourse.  \nAILACTE Journal 1  \nCrosby  \nAccording to Edelstein (2011), the school is the only institution that allows opportunity for all students to experience democratic principles and processes in action and to cultivate democratic habits. Fostering democratic habits requires a multi-dimensional approach to “learning democracy”(p. 130) that extends beyond merely learning about democracy. Students must also learn through democracy by engaging in a school community that models democratic ideals and practices and that fosters common interests and shared experiences. Wraga (1998) identified five democratic principles that should be evident in the democratic classroom. Popular sovereignty is promoted when students participate in decisions that affect them. Freedom is experienced when students have the opportunity for reflective thinking and informed decision-making. Equality is demonstrated when students receive fair and equal treatment and have equal opportunity to contribute. Individualism is encouraged when student interests are valuedin a climate that fosters self-discipline and self-direction. Social responsibility is evident when students practice group problemsolving and recognize the benefits of collaborating. In order to cultivate these principles in the classroom, the teacher must create a teaching and learning environment that intentionally fosters civil discourse within a community where all are respected and are expected to contribute ideas and effort toward a common purpose or for the common good. When creating such an environment, the teacher may find it useful to consider a framework that emphasizes community, content, choice, and collaboration as critical components supporting democratic habits and civil discourse.  \nCommunity: Establishing Mutual Respect, Understanding, and Purpose  \nIn his discussion of democracy as “primarily a mode of associated living, of conjoint communicated experience”(1916, p. 50), Dewey underscored the significance of recognizing shared common interest and communicating freely as a means of readjusting or negotiating the common good. In a democratic community, shared interests and experiences are negotiated through diverse  \nFostering Civil Discourse  \nperspectives, made possible by the breaking down of cultural barriers that tend to separate individuals within the community, and individual actions are both independent and interdependent as each member influences the group and the group influences each member. In classrooms as in society, community is essential to a robust democratic environment.  \nFostering a sense of community is one of the foundational elements in establishing a democratic classroom. McMillan and Chavis (1986) defined sense of community as “a feeling that members have of belonging and being important to each other, anda shared faith that members","cbCairyq6uZPLXWq","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairyq6uZPLXWq","pdf",336843,"English","# Abstract\n# Democratic Habits and the Need for Intentional Nurturing\n## Learning Democracy: Learning Through Democracy\n## Five Democratic Principles for the Classroom\n# Creating a Democratic Classroom Framework\n## Community: Mutual Respect, Understanding, and Purpose\n## Sense of Community as a Foundational Element\n## Cultural Competence and Avoiding Cultural Yardstick Measures","[{\"question\":\"Why is civil discourse considered a moral imperative in the democratic classroom?\",\"answer\":\"It is framed as essential for students to participate in and sustain democracy by listening to opposing views, treating others as partners, and building consensus through respectful communication and cooperation.\"},{\"question\":\"What does “learning democracy” mean beyond learning about democracy?\",\"answer\":\"Students learn democracy through democratic participation in the school community, where democratic ideals are modeled and shared experiences support common interests and responsibility.\"},{\"question\":\"Which five democratic principles are highlighted as needing to be evident in the classroom?\",\"answer\":\"Popular sovereignty, freedom via reflective thinking and informed decisions, equality through fair treatment and equal opportunities, individualism supported by self-discipline and direction, and social responsibility through group problem-solving and collaboration.\"}]","Fostering Civil Discourse within the Democratic Classroom | PDF",1792070234]