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The report also reviews evidence from community college contexts, describing savings, improved course performance, and reduced D/F/W outcomes, particularly for Pell recipients and historically underserved learners.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & 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Zamani-Gallaher  \nFostering Access, Affordability, and Equity:  \n􀀞􀀝􀀜􀀞􀀛􀀚􀀙􀀛􀀘􀀗􀀞􀀖􀀗􀀕􀀔􀀖􀀘􀀛􀀗􀀓􀀜􀀒􀀘􀀙􀀑􀀗􀀕􀀖􀀐􀀐􀀏􀀑􀀙􀀞􀀎􀀗􀀕􀀖􀀔􀀔􀀛􀀚􀀛􀀘  \n􀀞􀀝  \nTABLE OF CONTENTS  \nBackground and Value of Open Educational Resources  \n06  \nEndorsement of OER at Community Colleges  \nOER Definition and Initiatives  \n08  \nAdoption of Openly Licensed Materials  \n10  \nOER Core Audience and Student Challenges  \nAccess, Cost, and Benefits of Open Educational Resources  \n 13  \nAccess and Equity Relative to Special Populations  \nBringing the Methodologies Together  \n20  \nAssessment and Evaluation  \nConclusion  \nThis publication was prepared pursuant to a grant from the Illinois Community College Board (Grant Number: D5355) . Copyright © 2021-The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois  \n4  \nBACKGROUND  \nAND VALUE OF OPEN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES  \nhe William and Flora Hewlett Foundation is a partner in the development of open educational resources (OER) . Without going too deep into the history of the movement of OER, Bliss and Smith (2017), both of whom represent the Hewlett Foundation, reported how the open access of textbooks and course materials was inspired by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)  \nfaculty and administrators. The goal of MIT OCW (OpenCourseWare) was to provide anyone access to MIT's course materials. MIT faculty and administrators were the first to commit to openly sharing the content of their courses with the world through the development of the MIT OCW, which was inspired from:  \nThe MIT Council on Education Technology in 1999, which was charged with determining how MIT should position itself in the distance learning/e-learning environment, provide a new model for the dissemination of knowledge and collaboration among scholars around the world, and contribute to the 'shared intellectual commons' in academia, which fosters collaboration across MIT and among other scholars (Bliss & Smith, 2017, p. 10-11) .  \nThereafter, in early 2002, Hewlett Foundation became a significant funder of MIT efforts and in the development of 50 OpenCourseWare (OCW) products. By 2002, the Hewlett Foundation was on a mission to discover alternative ways of strategically investing in educational technology and open courseware accessibility (Bliss & Smith, 2017) . According to Bliss and Smith (2017), the Hewlett Foundation has supported OER efforts for the last 15 years.  \nDuring the last 15 years, the Hewlett Foundation and other organizations have seen the value of open access and use of more effective curriculum and practices to enhance student learning and educational opportunities. Students with access to well-designed, customized, openly licensed materials will be more engaged without having to worry about finances. Educators and students, educational policymakers and leaders, and the field of OER are the primary sources and stakeholders being targeted for funding (Open Educational Resources, \"Priorities,\" 2020) . Seventy-five percent of the Hewlett Foundation grants go toward these primary sources and stakeholders.  \nENDORSEMENT OF OERAT COMMUNITY COLLEGES  \nn our analysis, we noticed that OER is more than cost-efficient. Community colleges reported utilizing OER as a way of increasing financial and academic support for students.  \nOER efforts serve the needs of community college students, especially students who are managing financial hardship and economic difficulty.  \nWhen it comes to assessing the savings of OER relative to the academic goals of students, Ikahihifo, Spring, Rosecrans, and Watson (2017) reported that students at a Virginia community college who took courses that used OER found materials to be better than traditional textbooks in both quality and engagement, and were able to save money by not having to purchase course textbooks. Students in the study used their financial savings to help pay for their tuition, take additional courses and purchase other cour","cbCaitYMQjaTWQRG","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitYMQjaTWQRG","pdf",5844184,34,"English","# Background and Value of Open Educational Resources\n## Endorsement of OER at Community Colleges\n## OER Definition and Initiatives\n## Adoption of Openly Licensed Materials\n## OER Core Audience and Student Challenges\n## Access, Cost, and Benefits of Open Educational Resources\n## Access and Equity Relative to Special Populations\n## Bringing the Methodologies Together\n## Assessment and Evaluation\n# Conclusion","[{\"question\":\"What problem do open educational resources (OER) aim to solve for students?\",\"answer\":\"OER aim to improve access to course materials and reduce the financial burden of purchasing textbooks, helping students stay engaged and supported academically.\"},{\"question\":\"How did the Hewlett Foundation and MIT influence the development of OER?\",\"answer\":\"The report describes MIT OpenCourseWare as an inspiration for openly sharing course content, and notes that the Hewlett Foundation later became a significant funder and supporter of OER efforts.\"},{\"question\":\"What evidence does the document cite about OER impact at community colleges?\",\"answer\":\"It cites studies showing students in OER courses reporting better materials than traditional textbooks and being able to save money, and a larger survey indicating improved end-of-course grades with fewer D/F/W grades, especially among Pell recipients and historically underserved groups.\"}]","Fostering Access, Affordability, and Equity: Open Educational Resources for Community Colleges | PDF",1792058942,86]