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The study provides a subsidy definition and methodological approach, reviews the oil supply sector’s physical characteristics and industry structure by jurisdiction, and summarizes the value of subsidies. It also documents oil subsidies provided by the federal government and includes acknowledgements and expert peer review contributions.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/fossil-fuels-at-what-cost-government-support-for-upstream-oil-activities-in-three-canadian-provinces-alberta-saskatchewan-and-newfoundland-and-labrador-november-2010-enviroeconomics-inc/502051/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/fossil-fuels-at-what-cost-government-support-for-upstream-oil-activities-in-three-canadian-provinces-alberta-saskatchewan-and-newfoundland-and-labrador-november-2010-enviroeconomics-inc/502051.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aria Callaghan","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-06","2026-10-03",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What geographic scope does the report cover for government support of upstream oil activities?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It covers three Canadian provinces: Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Newfoundland and Labrador.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the report frame the concept of subsidies?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It includes a dedicated section defining what counts as a subsidy and an approach for assessing it.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What types of information are included about the oil supply sector?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The report reviews physical characteristics in Canada and the industry structure by jurisdiction, including separate coverage for Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Newfoundland and Labrador.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},502051,1791296931,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962084926284,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Fossil Fuels – At What Cost?  \nGovernment support for upstream oil activities in three Canadian provinces: Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Newfoundland and Labrador  \nNOVEMBER 2010  \nPrepared by:  \nEnviroEconomics Inc.  \nDave Sawyer  \nSeton Stiebert  \nFor the Global Subsidies Initiative (GSI) of the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD)  \nGeneva, Switzerland  \n[www.globalsubsidies.org](www.globalsubsidies.org)  \nFossil Fuels – At What Cost?  \nGovernment support for upstream oil activities in three Canadian provinces: Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Newfoundland and Labrador  \nNOVEMBER 2010  \nPrepared by:  \nEnviroEconomics Inc.  \nDave Sawyer  \nSeton Stiebert  \nFor the Global Subsidies Initiative (GSI) of the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) Geneva, Switzerland  \n[www.globalsubsidies.org](www.globalsubsidies.org)  \nTHE GLOBAL SUBSIDIES INITIATIVE FOSSIL FUELS – AT WHAT COST? GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR UPSTREAM OIL  \nACTIVITIES IN THREE CANADIAN PROVINCES: ALBERTA, SASKATCHEWAN, AND NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR Page IV  \n© 2010, International Institute for Sustainable Development  \nIISD contributes to sustainable development by advancing policy recommendations on international trade and investment, economic policy, climate change and energy, measurement and assessment, and natural resources management, and the enabling role of communication technologies in these areas. We report on international negotiations and disseminate knowledge gained through collaborative projects, resulting in more rigorous research, capacity building in developing countries, better networks spanning the North and the South, and better global connections among researchers, practitioners, citizens and policy-makers.  \nIISD’s vision is better living for all—sustainably; its mission is to champion innovation, enabling societies to live sustainably. IISD is registered as a charitable organization in Canada and has 501(c)(3) status in the United States. IISD receives core operating support from the Government of Canada, provided through the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) and Environment Canada, and from the Province of Manitoba. The Institute receives project funding from numerous governments inside and outside Canada, United Nations agencies, foundations and the private sector.  \nInternational Institute for Sustainable Development  \nHead Office  \n161 Portage Avenue East, 6th Floor Winnipeg, Manitoba  \nCanada R3B 0Y4  \nTel: +1 (204) 958-7700  \nFax: +1 (204) 958-7710  \nWeb [site: www.iisd.org](site: www.iisd.org)  \nInternational Institute for Sustainable Development  \nGlobal Subsidies Initiative  \nInternational Environment House 2  \n9 chemin de Balexert 1219 Châtelaine Geneva, Switzerland Tel: +41 22 917-8373  \nFax: +41 22 917-8054  \nWeb [site: www.globalsubsidies.org](site: www.globalsubsidies.org)  \nFossil Fuels – At What Cost? Government support for upstream oil activities in three Canadian provinces: Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Newfoundland and Labrador  \nNovermber 2010 Prepared by EnviroEconomics Inc.  \nDave Sawyer  \nSeton Stiebert  \n[www.globalsubsidies.org](www.globalsubsidies.org)  \nTHE GLOBAL SUBSIDIES INITIATIVE FOSSIL FUELS – AT WHAT COST? GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR UPSTREAM OIL  \nACTIVITIES IN THREE CANADIAN PROVINCES: ALBERTA, SASKATCHEWAN, AND NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR Page V  \nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  \nSpecial thanks to Jotham Peters of M. K. Jaccard and Associates Inc. for modelling support, as well as Chris Bataille. Methodological support was also provided by Dr. Andrew Leach. The authors would also like to thank Kerryn Lang of the Global Subsidies Initiative (GSI) for some excellent support and methodology development.  \nPeer review comments were provided by John Drexhage and Peter Wooders (International Institute for Sustainable Development), Masami Kojima (World Bank), Amy Taylor (Pembina Institute), Rick Hyndman (Canadian Association of Petroleum Prod","cbCairFV69gAs9Pa","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairFV69gAs9Pa","pdf",4197826,142,"English","# Executive Summary\n## Scope of the Study\n# Overview of the Oil Supply Sector\n## Physical Characteristics in Canada\n## Industry Structure by Jurisdiction\n### Alberta\n### Saskatchewan\n### Newfoundland and Labrador\n# Subsidy Definition and Approach\n## Definition of Subsidy\n## Approach\n# Summary of the Value of the Subsidies\n# Oil Subsidies Provided by the Federal Government\n## Historical Context of Subsidy Programs","[{\"question\":\"What geographic scope does the report cover for government support of upstream oil activities?\",\"answer\":\"It covers three Canadian provinces: Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Newfoundland and Labrador.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the report frame the concept of subsidies?\",\"answer\":\"It includes a dedicated section defining what counts as a subsidy and an approach for assessing it.\"},{\"question\":\"What types of information are included about the oil supply sector?\",\"answer\":\"The report reviews physical characteristics in Canada and the industry structure by jurisdiction, including separate coverage for Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Newfoundland and Labrador.\"}]","Fossil Fuels – At What Cost? - Government Support for Upstream Oil Activities in Three Canadian Provinces - Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Newfoundland and Labrador - November 2010 - EnviroEconomics Inc. | PDF",1791027994,358]