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The network links 15 partner laboratories using shared clinical and sequencing data to characterize dynamic epidemiology. Seven virus ecosystems and six serotypes shape tailored diagnostic and vaccine needs, while long-distance trans-pool movements drive uncertainty. A focus on serotype O emergence from Pool 2 tracks lineage O/ME-SA/SA-2018 and evaluates vaccine matching performance across field isolates.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/foot-and-mouth-disease-global-risks-and-vaccine-selection/267188/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/foot-and-mouth-disease-global-risks-and-vaccine-selection/267188.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Taylor Morgan","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-18","2026-09-14",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What role does the WOAH/FAO FMD laboratory network play in vaccine selection?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It collates, shares, and analyzes clinical and sequencing data across partner laboratories to inform vaccine recommendations and improve testing quality.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How is FMD epidemiology structured in the document?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It is described as dynamic, defined by seven virus ecosystems (pools) and six circulating serotypes with an unequal distribution, plus unpredictable trans-pool movements.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Why is serotype O/ME-SA/SA-2018 considered a significant risk?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Historical context indicates pandemic serotype O lineages emerge from Pool 2, and evidence shows multiple recent introductions and spread potential beyond Pool 2.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},267188,1789415811,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},1099523885336,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Foot-and-mouth Disease  \nGlobal risks and vaccine selection  \nDonald King  \nFAO World Reference Laboratory for FMD WOAH Reference Laboratories for FMD and SVD  \n[donald.king@pirbright.ac.uk](donald.king@pirbright.ac.uk)  \nAcknowledgements: Valerie Mioulet, Nick Knowles, Anna Ludi, Britta Wood,  \nGinette Wilsden, Krupali Parekh, Andrew Shaw, Antonello Di Nardo, Nuredlina Prior, Jemma Wadsworth, Clare Browning, Mark Henstock, Deyzi Santos, Hayley Hicks, Victoria Chantler, David Paton, Dexter Wiseman, Ali Al-Rashed, Jozhel Baguisi, Harry Bull, Ryle Walter, Amy Sowood, Sarah Belgrave, Jessie Trussler  \nPirbright receives strategic funding from BBSRC UKRI  \nFMD Reference Laboratory  \n[www.pirbright.ac.uk](www.pirbright.ac.uk)  \n[WOAH/FAO FMD Laboratory Network for FMD ](WOAH/FAO FMD Laboratory Network for FMD  www.foot-and-mouth.org)[ www.foot-and-mouth.org](WOAH/FAO FMD Laboratory Network for FMD  www.foot-and-mouth.org)  \n• Established in 2004  \n• 15 WOAH and FAO laboratories  \n• Important contribution of “affiliates”  \n-leading regional laboratories in Africa and Asia where the disease is endemic  \n• Core activities of the Network:  \n• Using data shared between partners…….. to understand global epidemiology of FMDV and use these data to inform vaccine recommendations  \n• To harmonise and improve the quality of laboratory testing  \nNetwork Meeting, Rome, September 2024 [www.pirbright.ac.uk](www.pirbright.ac.uk)  \nReported samples across the global Network  \nFrom clinical cases/outbreaks…….  \nNumber  \n3500  \n3000  \n2500  \n2000  \n1500  \n1000  \n500  \n0  \nCOVID  \nTotal clinical samples  \nFMDV positive samples  \nSequences  \n2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023  \nYear  \n[www.pirbright.ac.uk](www.pirbright.ac.uk)  \nFMD epidemiology: global summary  \n• The epidemiology of FMD is dynamic; defined by:  \n• Seven virus ecosystems (pools) that maintain specific FMDV strains requiring tailored diagnostics and vaccines  \n• Six circulating FMDV serotypes with an unequal distribution (NB: Serotype C has not been detected globally since 2004)  \n• Long-distance “trans-pool” movements of FMDV lineages which are often unpredictable  \n• International partnerships are essential to collate, share and analyse data  \n[www.pirbright.ac.uk](www.pirbright.ac.uk)  \nConjectured FMDV connections: South Asia, Southeast/East Asia   \nMongolia  \nEastern Russia  \nMyanmar  \nSouth Korea  \nKazakhstan Central Russia  \nThailand Laos Cambodia Vietnam  \n?  \nPool 1  \n?  \nIndia Bangladesh Nepal Bhutan  \nPool 2  \nSri Lanka Malaysia  \n Important  Infrequent  \nViral sequences highlight most frequent connections between countries (reflect trade and animal movements)  \nPotential risk pathways:  \n• Illegal imports  \n• Import of fodder  \n• Overseas workers  \n• Returning travellers  \n• Wildlife  \n[www.pirbright.ac.uk](www.pirbright.ac.uk)  \nSpread beyond Pool 2 – 10-year historical context  \n2013+  \nNorth Africa Gulf States  \nMauritius (2016 & 2022)  \n2015  \nSaudi Arabia, Türkiye, Iran, Armenia, Israel (Bachanek-Bankowska et al., 2018 – EID)  \nPOOL 2  \nO  \nO/ME-SA/Ind- 2001  \n>15 escapes  \nA  \nA/ASIA /G-VII  \nAsia 1  \n0ain1la5nd  \n2017  \nMyanmar  \n(Bo et al., 2019 – TBED)  \nBrewing up the next serotype O virus lineage from Pool 2  \n• History tells us that pandemic serotype O lineages emerge from Pool 2  \n• O/ME-SA/SA-2018 lineage detected in Pool 2 (India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka)  \n• Lineage estimated to represent ~ 40% of serotype O cases in India  \n• Detected in Pool 3 (UAE and Oman) in 2021 in small ruminants (and perhaps also in Iran?)  \n• Scope to spread more widely – following pathways for O/ME-SA/Ind-2001 (d and e)  \n• Vaccine matching for this lineage appears to be similar to O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e  \n~~ ~~ O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e  \n~~ ~~ O/ME-SA/Ind-2001d  \n~~ ~~ O/ME-SA/PanAsia  \nNew genetic lineage  \nO/ME-SA/SA-2018  India (2018)  \nSri Lanka (2018/19)  \nFMDV  \n[https://www.thinglink.c](https://www.thinglink.c)[om/scene/45191199310](om/scene/45191199310)[ ](om/sc","cbCaisX9fdYkHUIn","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisX9fdYkHUIn","pdf",3046385,22,"English","# Global risks and vaccine selection\n## Network activities and shared data\n## FMD epidemiology: global summary\n## Potential risk pathways\n## Emergence and spread of serotype O lineages\n## Vaccine matching data for O/ME-SA/SA-2018","[{\"question\":\"What role does the WOAH/FAO FMD laboratory network play in vaccine selection?\",\"answer\":\"It collates, shares, and analyzes clinical and sequencing data across partner laboratories to inform vaccine recommendations and improve testing quality.\"},{\"question\":\"How is FMD epidemiology structured in the document?\",\"answer\":\"It is described as dynamic, defined by seven virus ecosystems (pools) and six circulating serotypes with an unequal distribution, plus unpredictable trans-pool movements.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is serotype O/ME-SA/SA-2018 considered a significant risk?\",\"answer\":\"Historical context indicates pandemic serotype O lineages emerge from Pool 2, and evidence shows multiple recent introductions and spread potential beyond Pool 2.\"}]","Foot-and-mouth Disease - Global risks and vaccine selection | PDF",55]