[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-464382-105":59,"doc-detail-464382-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","focal-spot-motion-in-digital-breast-tomosynthesis-and-its-effect-on-spatial-resolution","Focal spot motion in digital breast tomosynthesis and its effect on spatial resolution","","Study examines how focal-spot motion techniques in digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) vary across vendors and how these differences affect image spatial resolution. The research characterizes the increase in effective focal-spot size in DBT relative to standard 2D projections and evaluates its influence using modulation transfer function (MTF) measurements. Focal-spot size is measured with a 10 µm slit phantom and MTF curves are obtained using a copper edge phantom at the breast support plane and 4 cm above, for breast-equivalent thicknesses of 2, 4, and 8 cm.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/focal-spot-motion-in-digital-breast-tomosynthesis-and-its-effect-on-spatial-resolution/464382/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/focal-spot-motion-in-digital-breast-tomosynthesis-and-its-effect-on-spatial-resolution/464382.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"moss~","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What focal-spot motion techniques are compared in the study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study compares three DBT tube motion techniques: continuous motion, step-and-shoot, and continuous motion with a flying focal spot. It evaluates each relative to its corresponding 2D acquisition.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does effective focal-spot size change from 2D to DBT?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The effective focal spot size increase from 2D to DBT grows with breast thickness across all systems. Continuous motion systems show the largest increases, while the flying focal spot system shows the smallest.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What is the impact of effective focal-spot size on spatial resolution?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"MTF results indicate that step-and-shoot and flying focal spot systems show no degradation in MTF curves with increasing effective focal spot size. Continuous motion systems show a reduction in the spatial frequency where the MTF curve reaches 50%.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},464382,1791087042,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":39,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":46,"preview_page_count":4},962090895452,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","DOI: 10.1002/acm2.70443  \nRESEARCH ARTICLE  \nFocal spot motion in digital breast tomosynthesis and its effect on spatial resolution  \nColin J. Schaeffer1  Katie W. Hulme2   Ashley E. Rubinstein3  \n1 Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA  \n2 Department of Radiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA  \n3 Department of Radiology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA  \nCorrespondence  \nColin J. Schaeffer, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA. [Email:](Email: schaeffer@ohsu.edu)[ schaeffer@ohsu.edu](Email: schaeffer@ohsu.edu)  \nAbstract  \nBackground: Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) has become standard practice; however, the acquisition method of DBT between vendors is far from standardized. Currently, there are three commercially available DBT tube motion techniques: (1) continuous motion, (2) step-and-shoot, and (3) continuous motion with flying focal spot. Each of these methods represents a trade-off between total acquisition time and focal spot blur.  \nPurpose: The aim of the study was to characterize the increase in effective focal spot size in DBT relative to standard 2D projections and assess the influence of this increase on spatial resolution using the modulation transfer function (MTF) . Methods: Focal spot size was measured for both a 2D acquisition and the 0◦ DBT projection using a 10 µm slit phantom. Imaging techniques were set to those used for a 2, 4, and 8 cm thick breast of 50/50 adipose/fat composition. MTF curves were measured using a copper edge phantom both at the breast support plane and 4 cm above the breast support.  \nResults: The effective focal spot size increase from 2D to DBT increased with breast thickness for all systems. The continuous motion systems showed the greatest increase in effective focal spot size with percent increases of 101% to 462% depending on unit and breast thickness. The flying focal spot system showed the smallest increase in effective focal spot size in DBT acquisitions, being 3%, 21%, and 25% for a 2, 4, and 8 cm thick breast, respectively. The step-and-shoot and flying focal spot systems showed no degradation in MTF curves due to increasing effective focal spot size in DBT acquisitions, while the continuous motion systems showed a reduction in the frequency at which the MTF curve reached 50% of 26%–45% .  \nConclusion: Both step-and-shoot and flying focal spot systems minimized effective focal spot size increase in DBT acquisitions compared to continuous tube motion systems.  \nKEYWORDS  \nfocal spot blur, mammography, tomosynthesis  \n1  INTRODUCTION  \nMammography is a powerful screening and diagnostic tool that has contributed significantly to the reduction in breast cancer mortality.1 However, despite its effective-  \nness, 2D mammography is limited by superposition of anatomy that reduces sensitivity for women with dense breasts.2  \nDigital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) was introduced in 2011 to overcome this limitation. DBT creates a  \nThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.  \n© 2026 The Author(s) . Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics published by Wiley Periodicals, LLC on behalf of The American Association of Physicists in Medicine.  \nJAppl Clin Med Phys. 2026;27:e70443 .  \n[https://doi.org/10.1002/acm2.70443](https://doi.org/10.1002/acm2.70443)  \n[wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/acm2](wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/acm2)  \n1  \nof 8  \npseudo-3D stack of images reconstructed from multiple projections taken at different angles respective to the breast. Since its introduction, DBT has become a well-established practice, with DBT often accompanying 2D screening exams or even supplanting 2D in favor of DBT-based synthetic 2D images.3 While DBT is now standard practice, its acquisition is far from standardiz","cbCaipasiQLGRGA8","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipasiQLGRGA8","pdf",873456,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Methods","[{\"question\":\"What focal-spot motion techniques are compared in the study?\",\"answer\":\"The study compares three DBT tube motion techniques: continuous motion, step-and-shoot, and continuous motion with a flying focal spot. It evaluates each relative to its corresponding 2D acquisition.\"},{\"question\":\"How does effective focal-spot size change from 2D to DBT?\",\"answer\":\"The effective focal spot size increase from 2D to DBT grows with breast thickness across all systems. Continuous motion systems show the largest increases, while the flying focal spot system shows the smallest.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the impact of effective focal-spot size on spatial resolution?\",\"answer\":\"MTF results indicate that step-and-shoot and flying focal spot systems show no degradation in MTF curves with increasing effective focal spot size. Continuous motion systems show a reduction in the spatial frequency where the MTF curve reaches 50%.\"}]","Focal spot motion in digital breast tomosynthesis and its effect on spatial resolution | PDF",1790768101]