[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-128111-en":3,"doc-seo-128111-105":31,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},128111,687207022233,"Riley","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d",7,"Healthcare","Fist-Palm Test May Identify Mild Cognitive Impairment and Freezing of Gait in Parkinson’s Disease - A Machine Learning Approach","Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and freezing of gait (FOG) are prevalent in Parkinson’s disease (PD), contributing to later dementia risk and reflecting links between cognition and motor control. This study evaluates the association between the nonverbal fist-palm test (FiPaT) and both MCI and FOG in 74 PD patients, using univariate statistics and binary logistic regressions. Machine learning models incorporating clinical-demographic variables and FiPaT scores achieve 87.4% accuracy for MCI and 78.2% for FOG.","CLINICAL PRACTICE  \nFist-Palm Test May Identify Mild Cognitive Impairment and Freezing of Gait in  \nParkinson’s Disease: A  \nMachine Learning Approach  \nSofia Cuoco, PhD,1  Michela Russo, MSc,2 Carlo Ricciardi, PhD,2 Beatrice D ’Arco, MD,3 Cristiano Sorrentino, MD,1 Arianna Cappiello, PhD,1 Maria Romano, PhD,2 Francesco Amato, PhD,2 Marco Aiello, PhD,4 Roberto Erro, MD, PhD,1 Marianna Amboni, MD, PhD,1,* and  \nPaolo Barone, MD, PhD1,4  \nAbstract: Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and freezing of gait (FOG) are two common symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD) .  \nObjectives: The objectives were to test the strength of association of fist-palm test (FiPaT), a nonverbal motor test, with both MCI and FOG in PD and investigate the predictive ability of FiPaT in the identification of PD patients with MCI or FOG.  \nMethods: We enrolled 74 PD patients: 47 of 74 patients had MCI (PD + MCI), 27 of 74 were cognitively unimpaired (PD-NC), 29 of 74 presented FOG (PD + FOG), and 45 of 74 were without FOG (PD-FOG) . We performed univariate statistical analysis, including binary logistic regressions, to determine the variables that distinguish PD + MCI from PD-NC and PD + FOG from PD-FOG. We implemented machine learning algorithms with feature selection, using clinical-demographic features and FiPaT scores as input variables, and the presence of MCI or FOG as features to predict.  \nResults: FiPaT total error and topography errors (P = 0. 049 and P = 0. 026) significantly discriminated PD + MCI and PD-NC, whereas disease duration (P = 0. 039), FiPaT total error (P = 0. 026), and attention errors (P = 0. 046) significantly discriminated PD + FOG and PD-FOG. Applying machine learning analysis, the models reached an accuracy of 87 .4% for MCI and 78 .2% for FOG.  \nConclusions: A worse performance on FiPaT and its subscores is closely related to MCI and FOG in PD. The early identification of MCI and FOG is of particular interest as both are important risk factors for PD dementia. Moreover, the association between FiPaT and FOG strengthens the close relationship between motor system, namely gait, and higher-order cognitive functions.  \nMild cognitive impairment (MCI) and freezing of gait (FOG) are two common symptoms in Parkinson ’s disease (PD) .1 PDMCI,2 defined as a cognitive decline, not normal for age but with essentially normal functional activities, in the context of established PD, increases the risk for developing dementia (PDD) .3–5 On the other side, FOG is a brief, episodic absence  \nor marked reduction in forward progression of the feet despite the intention to walk, and it is a risk factor for cognitive decline in PD.6–9 Understanding the association between FOG and cognition could be relevant for PD patients.10 In this regard, several studies have already shown that PD patients with FOG present a higher level of decline in global  \n1Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, “Scuola Medica Salernitana,” University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy; 2Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; 3Department of Neurology, “Umberto I” Hospital, Nocera Inferiore, Italy; 4IRCCS SynlabSDN, Naples, Italy  \n*Correspondence to: Marianna Amboni, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana” University of Salerno, Via Allende, 84081, Baronissi (Salerno), [Italy. E-mail:](Italy. E-mail: mamboni@unisa.it)[ mamboni@unisa.it](Italy. E-mail: mamboni@unisa.it)  \n[Keywords:](Keywords: cognitive de)[ cognitive de](Keywords: cognitive de)ficit, FiPaT, FOG, MCI, Parkinson’s disease.  \nThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.  \nReceived 9 October 2024; revised 17 March 2025; accepted 27 March 2025 .  \nPublished online 00 Month 2025 in Wiley Online Library ([wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.700","cbCaiaHrrnFTJVat","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiaHrrnFTJVat","pdf",220527,2,1,8,"English","en",105,"# Abstract\n## Background and objectives\n## Methods\n## Results and conclusions\n# FiPaT and study rationale\n## Definitions and clinical relevance of MCI and FOG\n## Prior validation of FiPaT\n## Study aims and analytical approach","[{\"question\":\"What is the fist-palm test (FiPaT) used for in this study?\",\"answer\":\"FiPaT is a nonverbal motor test designed to measure cognitive abilities through performance on trial sequences. The study uses FiPaT total error and topography errors to relate test outcomes to MCI and FOG in PD.\"},{\"question\":\"How many Parkinson’s disease patients were included and how were they grouped?\",\"answer\":\"The study enrolled 74 PD patients. Forty-seven had MCI (PD + MCI), 27 were cognitively unimpaired (PD-NC), 29 had FOG (PD + FOG), and 45 did not have FOG (PD-FOG).\"},{\"question\":\"What predictive performance did the machine learning models achieve?\",\"answer\":\"The machine learning models reached an accuracy of 87.4% for identifying MCI and 78.2% for identifying FOG based on clinical-demographic features and FiPaT scores.\"}]","Fist-Palm Test May Identify Mild Cognitive Impairment and Freezing of Gait in Parkinson’s Disease - A Machine Learning Approach | PDF",1785944888,20,{"code":4,"msg":32,"data":33},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":34,"title":13,"keywords":35,"description":14,"schema_data":36,"social_meta":87,"head_meta":89,"extra_data":91,"updated_unix":29},"fist-palm-test-may-identify-mild-cognitive-impairment-and-freezing-of-gait-in-parkinsons-disease-a-machine-learning-approach","",{"@graph":37,"@context":86},[38,54,69],{"@type":39,"itemListElement":40},"BreadcrumbList",[41,45,48,51],{"item":42,"name":43,"@type":44,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":46,"name":47,"@type":44,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":44,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":44,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/fist-palm-test-may-identify-mild-cognitive-impairment-and-freezing-of-gait-in-parkinsons-disease-a-machine-learning-approach/128111/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":63,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":64,"interactionStatistic":65},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":42,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-29","2026-08-05",true,{"@type":66,"interactionType":67,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":68},"ViewAction",{"@type":70,"mainEntity":71},"FAQPage",[72,78,82],{"name":73,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":75},"What is the fist-palm test (FiPaT) used for in this study?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"FiPaT is a nonverbal motor test designed to measure cognitive abilities through performance on trial sequences. The study uses FiPaT total error and topography errors to relate test outcomes to MCI and FOG in PD.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"How many Parkinson’s disease patients were included and how were they grouped?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"The study enrolled 74 PD patients. Forty-seven had MCI (PD + MCI), 27 were cognitively unimpaired (PD-NC), 29 had FOG (PD + FOG), and 45 did not have FOG (PD-FOG).",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"What predictive performance did the machine learning models achieve?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"The machine learning models reached an accuracy of 87.4% for identifying MCI and 78.2% for identifying FOG based on clinical-demographic features and FiPaT scores.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":88,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":90,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":93},[94,98,102,106,111,116,119,123,127,130,134],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":95,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":97},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":99,"show_sort_weight":100,"slug":101},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":113,"show_sort_weight":114,"slug":115},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},40,"healthcare",{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":30,"slug":126},9,"Religion & Spirituality","religion-spirituality",{"id":30,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":30,"slug":129},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":131,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":132,"show_sort_weight":131,"slug":133},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":135,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":136,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":137},19,"General","general"]