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The glossary explains foundational legal concepts across areas such as appellate procedure (appellant, appellee, appellate court), professional licensing (bar exam), and legal research and writing tools (Black’s Law Dictionary, Blue Book). It also covers typical law-school study materials and practices like case briefs and common law terminology, supporting new students with basic, practical definitions.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/first-year-law-school-glossary/322167/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/first-year-law-school-glossary/322167.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Levi","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What do 1L, 2L, and 3L mean in law school?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"1L refers to first year, 2L to second year, and 3L to third year. Some part-time divisions may refer to certain students as 4Ls.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What is an “appellant” and what does the appellate court do?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"An appellant is the party appealing a lower court’s decision, usually seeking reversal. The appellate court hears appeals and checks whether the lower court ruled correctly.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What are the Bar Exam and the Blue Book used for?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The Bar Exam is required for most jurisdictions to become a licensed lawyer and is a two-day test held in February or July. The Blue Book is used for uniform legal citation in writing, courses, firms, and courts.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},322167,1790205676,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":81,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":39,"preview_page_count":4},7971461740909,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","This is meant to be a short, non-exhaustive, glossary of terms, or abbreviations, you might encounter during your first year. This is meant to give you a very basic understanding of  \nthe word. I also recommend asking your professors (you are not the only one wondering what the word means) or investing in Black’s Law Dictionary. Black’s Law Dictionary can also be found online at [https://thelawdictionary.org/](https://thelawdictionary.org/. But)[. But](https://thelawdictionary.org/. But) always remember, I created this glossary because you are definitely not the only one that doesn’t know the word!  \nMelissa A . Hale  \nFormer Director of Academic Success and Bar Programs Loyola University Chicago School of Law  \nDefinitions  \n1L , 2L , 3L— In undergrad, your year in school is usually referred to as freshman, sophomore, etc . In law school, we use 1L to refer to first year, 2L to refer to second year, and 3L to refer to third year. Your law school might have a part-time division, and in that case, some students might be referred to as 4Ls .  \nAffirm — To confirm a judgment on appeal, or uphold it. Meaning, the appellate court confirms that the lower court ruled “correctly.”  \nAppellant—A party who appeal s a lower court’s decision, usually seeking to reverse that decision . A party would do this if they lose at court.  \nAppellee — A party against who m an appeal is taken . Their role is to respond to that appeal, and they usually want to affirm (or keep) the lower court’s decision .  \nAppellate Court—This is the type of court that hears appeals . This means the party that lost atthe lower court level appealed to a higher court. The cases you typically read in law school are atthe appellate court level .  \nBar Exam—The Bar Exam, or sometimes just “bar,”is what most (there are some state exceptions, but not many) lawyers must take in order to be licensed. When you graduate law school, you have a Juris Doctor, but you are not a lawyer. You don’t become a lawyer until you pass your jurisdiction’s bar exam, and are sworn in . The Bar Exam is a two day test in either February or July.  \nBlack’s Law Dictionary—A legal dictionary. You should always look up legal terms using a legal dictionary versus a normal dictionary, as sometimes the terms will have different meanings . Any trustworthy legal dictionary will suffice for this, it just so happens that “Black’s” is the most famous .  \nBlue Book—This is the book most legal writing courses, law firms, judges, law journal s and law reviews use for uniform citation . You might hear people talk about “blue booking,” which generally means checking citations .  \nCALI ® — The Center for Computer-Assisted Legal Instruction, also known as CALI, is a nonprofit consortium of mostly U. S. law schools that conducts applied research and development in the area of computer-mediated legal education . The organization is best known in law schools for CALI Lessons and online interactive tutorial s in legal subjects .  \nAt some schools, there are “CALI Awards,” which are given to the student that gets the top grade in a specified class . You might hear students say they “CALI’d” a class, and that might be because they did CALI lessons!  \nCase Book — Your textbook. A compilation of cases, chosen and edited to teach a subject.  \n[AskEDNA.AccessLex.org](AskEDNA.AccessLex.org) Education Network at AccessLex  \nCase Brief—As you read cases for class, you will want to “brief ” them . You will receive instruction on how to do this, likely during orientation . Essentially, it is a summary of the case, so that you can remember things like important facts, issues, rules, and the holding.  \nCase Law — The law derived from a collection of cases . Essentially, judges will write opinions, and that creates case law, or precedent. Case law can be common law, or it can be used to explain and supplement statutory law.  \nCitation — A legal reference . In legal writing (aside from most exams) you will want to “cite”your source","cbCaib1lCVj2oVd6","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaib1lCVj2oVd6","pdf",68617,"English","# Definitions\n## Academic year abbreviations (1L, 2L, 3L, 4L)\n## Appellate procedure terms\n## Bar Exam and legal reference tools\n## Citation and legal writing resources\n## Study materials and case analysis concepts","[{\"question\":\"What do 1L, 2L, and 3L mean in law school?\",\"answer\":\"1L refers to first year, 2L to second year, and 3L to third year. Some part-time divisions may refer to certain students as 4Ls.\"},{\"question\":\"What is an “appellant” and what does the appellate court do?\",\"answer\":\"An appellant is the party appealing a lower court’s decision, usually seeking reversal. The appellate court hears appeals and checks whether the lower court ruled correctly.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the Bar Exam and the Blue Book used for?\",\"answer\":\"The Bar Exam is required for most jurisdictions to become a licensed lawyer and is a two-day test held in February or July. The Blue Book is used for uniform legal citation in writing, courses, firms, and courts.\"}]","First-Year Law School Glossary | PDF",1789961428]