[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-31358":3,"doc-seo-31358":27},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"file_id":15,"file_url":16,"file_type":17,"file_size":18,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":19,"is_downloadable":19,"audit_status":19,"page_count":20,"language":21,"language_code":22,"table_of_contents":23,"faqs":24,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":25,"read_time":26},31358,687197100911,"Himbo","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/a000239b6f1da00475?_k=1775820430993990792",8,"Research & Report","Firm Life Cycle Stages and Earnings Management","Evidence links differences in firms’ economic growth and stability across life-cycle stages to managers’ incentives to manage reported earnings. Managers are more likely to use positive discretionary accruals in introductory and decline stages, supporting positive performance signals and providing a base for future earnings prediction, and enabling remedial actions in distress. Conversely, they may use negative discretionary accruals in growth and maturity stages to reserve earnings for periods when performance is weak versus market expectations. Institutional ownership deters discretionary accrual use by reducing earnings reliability.","cbCaikgFnlVn7BL3","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikgFnlVn7BL3","pdf",778027,1,31,"English","en","# Abstract\n## Firm life cycle, growth stability, and earnings management\n## Discretionary accruals by life-cycle stage\n## Institutional monitoring and earnings reliability\n# Introduction\n## Earnings quality, discretionary accruals, and investor evaluation\n## Prior research on life-cycle effects and accounting measures","[{\"question\":\"How do firm life-cycle stages influence earnings management behavior?\",\"answer\":\"Managers adjust reported earnings differently across life-cycle stages because economic growth and stability vary, shaping incentives to manage earnings to meet goals.\"},{\"question\":\"When are managers expected to use positive discretionary accruals?\",\"answer\":\"Positive discretionary accruals are expected during the introductory and decline stages, helping managers send positive performance signals and enabling remedial actions when firms face distress.\"},{\"question\":\"What role do large institutional shareholdings play?\",\"answer\":\"Large institutional shareholdings monitor managers and discourage discretionary accrual use, since discretionary accruals can lower the reliability of reported earnings.\"}]",1779397218,78,{"code":4,"msg":28,"data":29},"ok",{"site_id":30,"language":22,"slug":31,"title":13,"keywords":32,"description":14,"schema_data":33,"social_meta":84,"head_meta":86,"extra_data":88,"updated_unix":25},105,"firm-life-cycle-stages-and-earnings-management","",{"@graph":34,"@context":83},[35,52,66],{"@type":36,"itemListElement":37},"BreadcrumbList",[38,42,46,49],{"item":39,"name":40,"@type":41,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":43,"name":44,"@type":41,"position":45},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":47,"name":12,"@type":41,"position":48},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":50,"name":13,"@type":41,"position":51},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/firm-life-cycle-stages-and-earnings-management/31358/",4,{"url":50,"name":13,"@type":53,"author":54,"headline":13,"publisher":56,"fileFormat":59,"description":14,"dateModified":60,"datePublished":60,"encodingFormat":59,"isAccessibleForFree":61,"interactionStatistic":62},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":55},"Person",{"url":39,"name":57,"@type":58},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-05-21",true,{"@type":63,"interactionType":64,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":65},"ViewAction",{"@type":67,"mainEntity":68},"FAQPage",[69,75,79],{"name":70,"@type":71,"acceptedAnswer":72},"How do firm life-cycle stages influence earnings management behavior?","Question",{"text":73,"@type":74},"Managers adjust reported earnings differently across life-cycle stages because economic growth and stability vary, shaping incentives to manage earnings to meet goals.","Answer",{"name":76,"@type":71,"acceptedAnswer":77},"When are managers expected to use positive discretionary accruals?",{"text":78,"@type":74},"Positive discretionary accruals are expected during the introductory and decline stages, helping managers send positive performance signals and enabling remedial actions when firms face distress.",{"name":80,"@type":71,"acceptedAnswer":81},"What role do large institutional shareholdings play?",{"text":82,"@type":74},"Large institutional shareholdings monitor managers and discourage discretionary accrual use, since discretionary accruals can lower the reliability of reported earnings.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":50,"og:type":85,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":57,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":87,"canonical":50},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":30}]