[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-108187-en":3,"doc-seo-108187-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},108187,549758146520,"Patrick","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/80002397d8c0411e94?_k=1775819394049821470",8,"Research & Report","Fiji Public Expenditure Review - Towards Fiscal Sustainability and Improved Spending Quality","Fiji Public Expenditure Review (March 2023) assesses public spending performance with a focus on achieving fiscal sustainability and improving spending quality. It outlines how COVID-19 impacts shaped the fiscal context and analyzes revenue and expenditure trends to identify consolidation opportunities. The review evaluates reform scenarios and their consequences for debt sustainability, links fiscal consolidation to public financial management practices, and emphasizes data systems, strategic planning and budgeting, public debt management, and contingent liabilities management.","Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized  \nFIJI PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEW Towards Fiscal Sustainability and Improved Spending Quality  \nMARCH 2023  \nStandard Disclaimer:  \nThis volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.  \nCopyright Statement:  \nThe material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions ofthe work promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA, telephone 978-750-8400, fax 978-750-4470, [http://www.copyright.com/](http://www.copyright.com/. All other queries on rights)[. All other queries on rights](http://www.copyright.com/. All other queries on rights) and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA, fax 202-522-2422, [e-mail: ](e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org)[pubrights@worldbank.org](e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org).  \nAcknowledgement:  \nThe team would like to acknowledge and thank all those who provided input to this analysis. The lead authors are Demet Kaya (Senior Economist and Task Team Leader, EAWM1) and Faya Hayati (Senior Economist and Task Team Leader, EEAM1) . The team includes Johannes Wolff (Consultant, EEAM2), Hassan Noura (Consultant, EEAM2), Tuimasi Ulu (Research Analyst, EEAM2), Ryan Zahrai (Consultant, EEAM2), David Andrew Stephan (Consultant, EEAM2), Malvina Pollock (Consultant, EEAM2), Ruth Llovet Montanes (Young Professional, EEAPV), Michelle Lee (Senior Program Assistant, EACNF), Viet Anh Nguyen (Senior Public Sector Specialist, EEAG1), Wollela A. Yesegat (Consultant, EEAG1), Juliana Weingaertner (ET Consultant, EEAG1), Fei Deng (Lead Transport Specialist, Program Leader, IEADR), Lorena Estigarribia (PRIF Operations Officer), Luke Smith (PRIF Operations Officer), Yi Yang (Transport Specialist, IEAT1), Tawia Addo-Ashong (Senior Transport Specialist, IEAT1), Mitsunori Motohashi (Senior Energy Specialist, IEAE1), Shivnesh Roynendra Prasad (Digital Development Specialist, IDD05), James Neumann (Senior Counsel, IDD05), Shona Fitzgerald (Water Supply and Sanitation Specialist, SEAW1), Raghava Neti (Senior Water Supply and Sanitation Specialist, SEAW1), Habiba Gitay (Senior Climate Change Specialist, SEAU1), Animesh Shrivastava (Lead Agriculture Economist, SEAAG), Son Thanh Vo (Senior Agricultural Spec., SEAAG), and Kym Anderson (Consultant, SEAAG). The team is grateful to the government for their cooperation in providing data and feedback and special thanks goes out to Shiri Gounder (Permanent Secretary for Economy) and team. The team would also like to thank Lars Christian Moller (Practice Manager, EEAM2) and David Gould (Program Leader, EEADR) for providing overall guidance as well as the peer reviewers (Diego Arias Carballo (Practice Manager, SLCAG), Vinayak Nagaraj (Senior Economist, EAEM2), and Huong Thi Lan Tran (Senior Public Sector Specialist, EEAG1) for useful feedback and suggestions.  \nTable of Contents  \nCha","cbCaihP9le0gAcQL","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihP9le0gAcQL","pdf",6465777,5,1,177,"English","en",105,"# Chapter 1. Fiscal Consolidation and Debt Sustainability\n## 1.1 Summary\n## 1.2 Context: COVID-19 Impacts and the Need for Fiscal Consolidation\n## 1.3 Fiscal Performance: Trends and Consolidation Opportunities\n## 1.3.1 Revenue Performance and Consolidation Potential\n## 1.3.2 Expenditure Performance and Consolidation Potential\n## 1.4 Consolidation Pathways: Reform Scenarios and Their Impact on Debt Sustainability\n## 1.4.1 Government Medium-term Fiscal Frameworks\n## 1.4.2 Alternative Fiscal Consolidation Pathways Developed as Part of the PER\n## 1.4.3 Assessment of Alternative Fiscal Consolidation Pathways\n## 1.5 Complementary Support: PFM Practices Important for Fiscal Consolidation\n## 1.5.1 Data Collection and Information Systems\n## 1.5.2 Strategic Fiscal Planning and Budgeting\n## 1.5.3 Public Debt Management\n## 1.5.4 Contingent Liabilities Management","[{\"question\":\"What is the main objective of the Fiji Public Expenditure Review?\",\"answer\":\"To support fiscal sustainability while improving spending quality through an assessment of Fiji’s public expenditure performance and related reform options.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the report connect COVID-19 impacts to fiscal consolidation needs?\",\"answer\":\"It frames the fiscal context by analyzing how COVID-19 affected the economic and fiscal environment, motivating the need for fiscal consolidation.\"},{\"question\":\"Which consolidation topics are emphasized in Chapter 1?\",\"answer\":\"The chapter covers revenue and expenditure trends, consolidation pathways through reform scenarios, and the role of public financial management practices for consolidation and debt sustainability.\"}]",1784469372,446,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":87,"head_meta":89,"extra_data":91,"updated_unix":28},"fiji-public-expenditure-review-towards-fiscal-sustainability-and-improved-spending-quality","",{"@graph":36,"@context":86},[37,54,69],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/fiji-public-expenditure-review-towards-fiscal-sustainability-and-improved-spending-quality/108187/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":63,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":64,"interactionStatistic":65},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-30","2026-07-19",true,{"@type":66,"interactionType":67,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":68},"ViewAction",{"@type":70,"mainEntity":71},"FAQPage",[72,78,82],{"name":73,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":75},"What is the main objective of the Fiji Public Expenditure Review?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"To support fiscal sustainability while improving spending quality through an assessment of Fiji’s public expenditure performance and related reform options.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"How does the report connect COVID-19 impacts to fiscal consolidation needs?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"It frames the fiscal context by analyzing how COVID-19 affected the economic and fiscal environment, motivating the need for fiscal consolidation.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"Which consolidation topics are emphasized in Chapter 1?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"The chapter covers revenue and expenditure trends, consolidation pathways through reform scenarios, and the role of public financial management practices for consolidation and debt sustainability.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":88,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":90,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":93},[94,98,102,106,110,115,120,123,128,131,135],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":95,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":97},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":99,"show_sort_weight":100,"slug":101},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},30,"research-report",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":130},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":134},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":20,"slug":138},19,"General","general"]