[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-291301-105":59,"doc-detail-291301-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","field-testing-and-modeling-of-supermarket-refrigeration-systems-as-a-demand-response-resource","Field Testing and Modeling of Supermarket Refrigeration Systems as a Demand Response Resource","","Supermarkets can provide meaningful demand response (DR) due to their high energy intensity, yet refrigeration is difficult to access despite being a major load. This project field-tested and modeled DR potential from supermarket refrigeration within the Bonneville Power Administration service territory. DR events were conducted in an operational 45,590-ft² store in Hillsboro, Oregon, measuring temperature rise in freezer reach-ins and walk-ins, the load shed achieved, and calibrated models to quantify available DR. Results indicate 15–20 kW savings for 1.5 hours without precooling and about 2.5 hours with precooling, totaling roughly 20 MW aggregated potential.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/field-testing-and-modeling-of-supermarket-refrigeration-systems-as-a-demand-response-resource/291301/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/field-testing-and-modeling-of-supermarket-refrigeration-systems-as-a-demand-response-resource/291301.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Fans","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-08","2026-09-17",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is supermarket refrigeration considered a promising demand response resource?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Supermarket refrigeration systems have common controls, internet-enabled modern controllers, and significant thermal mass, so product temperatures rise slowly when refrigeration is paused. This makes DR events more feasible while maintaining product conditions.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was the DR potential evaluated in this study?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"DR events were carried out in an operating supermarket in Hillsboro, Oregon (45,590 ft²). The study measured temperature increase in freezer reach-in cases and walk-ins, the load shed amount during DR tests, and developed calibrated models.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What limitations could restrict achieving larger DR from supermarket refrigeration?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Medium-temperature products were limited by tighter temperature requirements, making case set point changes difficult for store owners. Another barrier was the lack of proper controls for ancillary equipment like anti-sweat heaters, lights, and fans.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},291301,1790123501,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":41,"preview_page_count":4},5909892330395,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Field Testing and Modeling of Supermarket Refrigeration Systems as a  \nDemand Response Resource  \nMichael Deru, National Renewable Energy Laboratory  \nAdam Hirsch, National Renewable Energy Laboratory  \nJordan Clark, CPP Wind Engineering  \nJamie Anthony, Bonneville Power Administration  \nABSTRACT  \nSupermarkets offer a substantial demand response (DR) resource because of their high energy intensity and use patterns; however, refrigeration as the largest load has been challenging to access. Previous work has analyzed supermarket DR using heating, ventilating, and air conditioning; lighting; and anti-sweat heaters. This project evaluated and quantified the DR potential inherent in supermarket refrigeration systems in the Bonneville Power Administration service territory. DR events were carried out and results measured in an operational 45,590-ft2 supermarket located in Hillsboro, Oregon. Key results from the project include the rate of temperature increase in freezer reach-in cases and walk-ins when refrigeration is suspended, the load shed amount for DR tests, and the development of calibrated models to quantify available DR resources. Simulations showed that demand savings of 15 to 20 kilowatts (kW) are available for 1.5 hours for a typical store without precooling and for about 2.5 hours with precooling using only the low-temperature, non-ice cream cases. This represents an aggregated potential of 20 megawatts within BPA’s service territory. Inability to shed loads for medium-temperature (MT) products because of the tighter temperature requirements is a significant barrier to realizing larger DR for supermarkets. Store owners are reluctant to allow MT case set point changes, and laboratory tests of MT case DR strategies are needed so that owners become comfortable testing, and implementing, MT case DR. The next-largest barrier is the lack of proper controls in most supermarket displays over ancillary equipment, such as anti-sweat heaters, lights, and fans.  \nBackground  \nDemand response (DR) efforts can help utilities manage capacity additions to the electricity grid. Most buildings-related DR programs are planned around residential airconditioning units, commercial lighting, and set point changes to heating, ventilating, and airconditioning (HVAC) systems. These programs work well, but utilities are interested in additional DR resources. Beginning with its Fifth Power Plan (NPCC 2005), the Northwest Power and Conservation Council (NPCC) began to estimate the potential size of DR reserves in the Pacific Northwest and formulate strategies to encourage their creation. In its Sixth Power Plan (NPCC 2010), NPCC identified a need for additional pilot research programs to provide the precise and essential information needed to acquire cost-effective DR resources to help balance the supply and demand of electricity on the grid.  \nSupermarkets offer a substantial DR resource because of their high energy intensity and use patterns. In the 2009 Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance Commercial Building Stock Assessment (The Cadmus Group, Inc. 2009), the “Grocery” category represented about 100 million ft2 or roughly 3% of total commercial floor area, but had the second-highest electricity  \n©2016 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings 3-1  \nenergy use intensity of all building types—more than 40 kWh/ft2/year—due to extended operating hours and continuously operating commercial refrigeration systems. Electricity use was high all year but peaked in the summer. Total 2007 electricity use by the sector was 4,142,000 megawatt-hours (MWh) or 11% of total commercial building energy consumption in the Pacific Northwest. Averaged evenly over the year, this is about 470 megawatts (MW) .  \nSupermarket refrigeration has several advantages over other commercial building end uses when considering DR. First, the equipment and controls necessary to execute DR strategies are common in refrigeration systems. Modern refrigeration controllers ","cbCaieXHBU1AoFqV","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieXHBU1AoFqV","pdf",183095,12,"English","# Abstract\n# Background\n# Project Overview","[{\"question\":\"Why is supermarket refrigeration considered a promising demand response resource?\",\"answer\":\"Supermarket refrigeration systems have common controls, internet-enabled modern controllers, and significant thermal mass, so product temperatures rise slowly when refrigeration is paused. This makes DR events more feasible while maintaining product conditions.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the DR potential evaluated in this study?\",\"answer\":\"DR events were carried out in an operating supermarket in Hillsboro, Oregon (45,590 ft²). The study measured temperature increase in freezer reach-in cases and walk-ins, the load shed amount during DR tests, and developed calibrated models.\"},{\"question\":\"What limitations could restrict achieving larger DR from supermarket refrigeration?\",\"answer\":\"Medium-temperature products were limited by tighter temperature requirements, making case set point changes difficult for store owners. Another barrier was the lack of proper controls for ancillary equipment like anti-sweat heaters, lights, and fans.\"}]","Field Testing and Modeling of Supermarket Refrigeration Systems as a Demand Response Resource | PDF",1789644332]