[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-450402-105":59,"doc-detail-450402-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","field-effect-passivation-for-minimized-voltage-loss-in-highly-efficient-antimony-selenosulfide-solar-cells","Field-effect passivation for minimized voltage loss in highly efficient antimony selenosulfide solar cells","","Interface energy-level mismatch and inferior heterojunction quality at the buffer/absorber boundary in antimony selenoselenosulfide solar cells drive strong interface recombination, producing large open-circuit voltage (VOC) losses that limit power conversion efficiency. A field-effect passivation strategy is developed by inserting a low-work-function Ta2O5 dielectric layer between CdS and Sb2(S,Se)3. Positive fixed charges strengthen the built-in electric field, enhance electron extraction, suppress hole accumulation, and reduce nonradiative recombination probabilities. The approach achieves a record 10.95% PCE (10.65% certified), VOC of 695 mV, and a low voltage deficit, enabling a universal interface-quality optimization paradigm for high-performance Sb2(S,Se)3 photovoltaics.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/field-effect-passivation-for-minimized-voltage-loss-in-highly-efficient-antimony-selenosulfide-solar-cells/450402/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/field-effect-passivation-for-minimized-voltage-loss-in-highly-efficient-antimony-selenosulfide-solar-cells/450402.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Connor ","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-04","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What causes the large open-circuit voltage (VOC) losses in Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Inferior heterojunction quality and misaligned energy levels at the buffer/absorber (CdS/Sb2(S,Se)3) interface cause severe interface recombination, leading to large VOC losses.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the introduced Ta2O5 layer improve device performance?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Ta2O5 serves as an optimal substrate for highly crystalline Sb2(S,Se)3 growth and enhances interfacial charge transport. Positive fixed charges strengthen the built-in electric field, promote electron extraction, and suppress hole accumulation, reducing nonradiative recombination.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What power conversion efficiency and VOC values were achieved with the proposed strategy?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The passivation strategy yields a record 10.95% PCE (10.65% certified) and a VOC of 695 mV, corresponding to a notably low voltage deficit.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},450402,1790812964,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},687207022233,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Article [https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-67334-y](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-67334-y)  \nField-effect passivation for minimized voltage loss in highly efficient antimony selenosulfide solar cells  \nReceived: 8 August 2025  \n\n| Accepted: 27 November 2025 |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Check for updates |\n\nAnwen Gong1, Cong Liu 1 , Jiexi Yang1, Binghuan Li1, Shilin Yang1, Rongshan Yang1, Yousheng Wang 2, Kai Shen2, Qifan Xue3, Zhiqiang Li4, Jing Wang5 , Bingsuo Zou 1  & Yaohua Mai 2   \nThe inferior heterojunction quality and misaligned energy levels at the buffer/ absorber interface cause severe interface recombination and large opencircuit voltage ( VOC) loss, limiting the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of antimony selenosulfide (Sb2(S,Se)3) solar cells. Here, we develop a field-effect passivation strategy by introducing a low-work-function Ta2O5 dielectric layer between the CdS and Sb2(S,Se)3 layers. This Ta2O5 layer serves as an optimal substrate for growing highly crystalline Sb2(S,Se)3 films while also enhancing interfacial charge transport. The positivefixed charges in Ta2O5 strengthen the built-in electric field and promotes electrons extraction while suppressing holes accumulation at the interface, thereby substantially suppressing nonradiative recombination probabilities. Implementing this passivation strategy yields a record PCE of 10.95%(10.65% certified) an VOC of 695 mV, corresponding to a remarkably low voltage deficit. This work establishes a universal physical passivation paradigm for interface quality optimization and VOC loss mitigation in high-performance Sb2(S,Se)3 photovoltaics.  \nIn response to the depletion of traditional energy sources, there has been a growing demand for clean and renewable energy, driving the development of new thin-film solar cells. Antimony selenosulfide (Sb2(S,Se)3) has recently demonstrated significant potential in emerging thin-film photovoltaics due to its high stability, low toxicity, tunable band gap and excellent optoelectronic properties1–4. Based on these advantages, Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells have undergone a rapid development, achieving a reported power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.92%5. However, the current efficiency of these thin-film solar cells is limited by significant open-circuit voltage (VOC) losses caused by severe non-radiative recombination at the absorber layer and interfaces6,7. Currently, high-efficiency Sb2(S, Se)3 solar cells are often  \nfabricated through direct deposition on cadmium sulfide (CdS) substrates. An unfavorable energy level arrangement atthe CdS/Sb2(S,Se)3 interface, such as a cliff-like band structure, can cause severe carrier recombination at the interface. Therefore, developing an efficient passivation strategy to improve the quality of the CdS/Sb2(S,Se)3 heterojunction and mitigate the VOC losses of devices is crucial.  \nResearchers have conducted extensive studies on interface engineering to improve the quality of heterojunctions and suppress interface carrier recombination. To transform the band structure atthe CdS/Sb2(S,Se)3 interface from a cliff-like to spike-like structure, Liu et al. employed a heterojunction lithiation strategy and achieved a high PCE of 10.76% for the Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells8. As for optimizing the CdS  \n1Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China. 2Institute of New Energy Technology, College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China. 3State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China. 4National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of New Energy Photoelectric Devices, College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding, China. 5School of Materials and Energy,  \nGuangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China. e-mail: [congliu@gxu.edu.cn](congliu@gxu.edu.cn); [jingwang777@gdut.edu.cn](jingwang777@gdu","cbCaihp14h7FecXB","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihp14h7FecXB","pdf",2174342,"English","# Introduction\n## Motivation: renewable energy and thin-film photovoltaics\n## Problem: VOC loss from non-radiative interface recombination\n# CdS/Sb2(S,Se)3 heterojunction challenges\n## Cliff-like vs spike-like energy band structures\n# Review of prior passivation approaches\n## Chemical passivation strategies on CdS\n## Limitations: residues, stability, and harmful reactions\n# Physical passivation: field-effect and fixed-charge concepts\n## Oxide interfacial layers in Si and perovskite solar cells\n## Rationale for using dielectric insertion","[{\"question\":\"What causes the large open-circuit voltage (VOC) losses in Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells?\",\"answer\":\"Inferior heterojunction quality and misaligned energy levels at the buffer/absorber (CdS/Sb2(S,Se)3) interface cause severe interface recombination, leading to large VOC losses.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the introduced Ta2O5 layer improve device performance?\",\"answer\":\"Ta2O5 serves as an optimal substrate for highly crystalline Sb2(S,Se)3 growth and enhances interfacial charge transport. Positive fixed charges strengthen the built-in electric field, promote electron extraction, and suppress hole accumulation, reducing nonradiative recombination.\"},{\"question\":\"What power conversion efficiency and VOC values were achieved with the proposed strategy?\",\"answer\":\"The passivation strategy yields a record 10.95% PCE (10.65% certified) and a VOC of 695 mV, corresponding to a notably low voltage deficit.\"}]","Field-effect passivation for minimized voltage loss in highly efficient antimony selenosulfide solar cells | PDF",1790733102,25]