[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-203243-105":59,"doc-detail-203243-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","fiducial-reference-measurements-frm-definition-and-ceos-frm-assessment-framework","Fiducial Reference Measurements (FRM) - Definition and CEOS FRM Assessment Framework","","Fiducial Reference Measurements (FRM) address the need for precise, well-characterised measurements tailored to post-launch calibration and validation for Earth observation satellite missions. Reliable, unambiguous uncertainty assessment supports evaluating changes in the Earth system and improving climate model prediction while delivering evidence-based inputs for policymakers and society. Building on FRM criteria, the CEOS Cal/Val Working Group establishes a maturity matrix to assess compliance and quality of Cal/Val reference measurements against community-agreed requirements, enabling operators to judge fitness for purpose.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/fiducial-reference-measurements-frm-definition-and-ceos-frm-assessment-framework/203243/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/fiducial-reference-measurements-frm-definition-and-ceos-frm-assessment-framework/203243.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Eliana","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-17","2026-09-04",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What problem do Fiducial Reference Measurements (FRM) solve in satellite missions?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"FRM provide precise, well-characterised reference measurements tailored to post-launch calibration and validation needs for Earth observation satellites.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Why is uncertainty assessment central to FRM?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Robust, unambiguous uncertainty assessment underpins assessing Earth system changes and climate model predictions, and supports evidence-based inputs for policymakers and society.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How does the CEOS FRM assessment framework evaluate FRM quality?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"It uses a maturity matrix to visually assess an FRM against community-agreed criteria, clarifying where an FRM is mature and where further evolution and effort are required.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},203243,1788557553,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":8,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":81,"preview_page_count":4},4398048949847,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/400002536579ef2da7f?_k=1778318612642679267","Fiducial Reference Measurements (FRM): What are they?  \nFox N.1, Goryl P.2, Castracane P.2, Donlan C.3  \n1National Physical Laboratory, 2ESA, ESRIN, 3ESA ESTEC  \nIn recent years, the concept of Fiducial Reference Measurements (FRM) has been developed to highlight the need for precise and well-characterised measurements tailored explicitly to the post-launch calibration and validation (Cal/Val) of Earth observation satellite missions. The confidence that stems from robust unambiguous uncertainty assessment of space observations is fundamental to assessing the changes in the Earth system and climate model prediction and delivering the essential evidence-based input for policymakers and society striving to mitigate and adapt to climate change. The underlying concept of an FRM has long been a core element of a Cal/Val program, providing a ‘trustable’ reference against which performance can be anchored or assessed. The ‘ FRM’ label was created to embody into such a reference a set of key criteria. These criteria included the establishment of documented evidence of uncertainty with respect to a community-agreed reference (ideally SI-traceable) and specific tailoring to the needs of a satellite mission. It, therefore, facilitates comparison and interoperability between products and missions in a cost-efficient manner. Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) Working Group Cal/Val (WGCV) is now putting in place a framework to assess the maturity and compliance of a ‘Cal/Val reference measurement’ in terms of a set of community-agreed criteria which define it to be of CEOS-FRM quality. The assessment process is based on a maturity matrix that provides a visual assessment of the state of any FRM against each of a set of given criteria; making visible where it is mature and where evolution and effort needs to be done. It intent is to allow satellite operators: agencies and new space to readily assess 'fitness for purpose' of an FRM for their mission. This paper provides the overarching definition of what constitutes an FRM and introduces the new CEOS FRM assessment framework.","cbCaih7PVvkjhcTL","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaih7PVvkjhcTL","pdf",118081,"English","# Fiducial Reference Measurements (FRM)\n## Purpose in post-launch Cal/Val\n## Criteria and community-agreed uncertainty\n## CEOS FRM assessment framework\n## Maturity matrix and fitness for purpose","[{\"question\":\"What problem do Fiducial Reference Measurements (FRM) solve in satellite missions?\",\"answer\":\"FRM provide precise, well-characterised reference measurements tailored to post-launch calibration and validation needs for Earth observation satellites.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is uncertainty assessment central to FRM?\",\"answer\":\"Robust, unambiguous uncertainty assessment underpins assessing Earth system changes and climate model predictions, and supports evidence-based inputs for policymakers and society.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the CEOS FRM assessment framework evaluate FRM quality?\",\"answer\":\"It uses a maturity matrix to visually assess an FRM against community-agreed criteria, clarifying where an FRM is mature and where further evolution and effort are required.\"}]","Fiducial Reference Measurements (FRM) - Definition and CEOS FRM Assessment Framework | PDF"]