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Fibrinogen (FG) superfamily proteins, especially FG, FG-like protein 1 (FGL1), and FGL2, regulate hepatic regeneration, lipid metabolic homeostasis, and hepatocyte oncogenic processes. This review analyzes pathophysiological links between FG superfamily members and major hepatic disorders, describing both hepatoprotective roles and dual proinflammatory and pro-tumor effects.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/fibrinogen-superfamily-proteins-key-regulators-in-hepatic-disorders-minireviews/456453/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/fibrinogen-superfamily-proteins-key-regulators-in-hepatic-disorders-minireviews/456453.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Indoniesian Boy","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"Which FG superfamily proteins are emphasized in the review?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The review focuses on fibrinogen (FG), FG-like protein 1 (FGL1), and FG-like protein 2 (FGL2). It also notes other fibrinogen-related proteins as part of the broader superfamily.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How do FG superfamily proteins influence liver disease progression?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"They act as hepatoprotective mediators by supporting hepatic regeneration and extracellular matrix remodeling. At the same time, emerging evidence indicates that overactivation can trigger proinflammatory cascades, worsen metabolic dysregulation, and promote tumor invasion and metastasis.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What therapeutic direction is highlighted for precision cancer immunotherapy?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The review emphasizes targeting the FGL1/lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3) immune checkpoint axis as a novel paradigm for precision cancer immunotherapy in hepatic disease management.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},456453,1790790760,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},962090760608,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","| W | J | E | M | World Journal of\u003Cbr>Experimental Medicine |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\nSubmit a Manuscript: [https://www.f6publishing.com](https://www.f6publishing.com) World J Exp Med 2025 September 20; 15(3): 106677  \nDOI: 10.5493/wjem.v15.i3.106677 ISSN 2220-315x (online)  \nMINIREVIEWS  \nFibrinogen superfamily proteins: Key regulators in hepatic disorders  \nRong-Hui Qu, Yi Rong, Wen-Zhe Ni, Xing-Lin Huang, Yi-Zhuo Chen, Hai-Fang Li  \nSpecialty type: Medicine, research and experimental  \nProvenance and peer review:  \nInvited article; Externally peer reviewed.  \nPeer-review model: Single blind  \nPeer-review report’s classification Scientific Quality: Grade B  \nNovelty: Grade B  \nCreativity or Innovation: Grade B  \nScientific Significance: Grade B  \nP-Reviewer: Patel K  \nReceived: March 4, 2025  \nRevised: April 18, 2025  \nAccepted: June 20, 2025  \nPublished online: September 20, 2025  \nProcessing time: 161 Days and 4.4 Hours  \nRong-Hui Qu, Yi Rong, Wen-Zhe Ni, Xing-Lin Huang, Yi-Zhuo Chen, Hai-Fang Li, College of Life  \nSciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong Province, China Co-first authors: Rong-Hui Qu and Yi Rong.  \nCorresponding author: Hai-Fang Li, Associate Professor, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, Shandong Province, China.  \n[haifangli@sdau.edu.cn](haifangli@sdau.edu.cn)  \nAbstract  \nLiver diseases including hepatic injury, hepatitis, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma have emerged as critical public health challenges globally. The fibrinogen (FG) superfamily proteins, primarily comprising FG, FG-like protein (FGL) 1, and FGL2, have been demonstrated to exert regulatory effects on hepatic tissue regeneration, lipid metabolism homeostasis, and oncogenic processes in hepatocytes. This review systematically examines the pathophysiological correlations between FG superfamily members and major hepatic disorders. Physiologically, FG superfamily proteins function as hepatoprotective mediators through their intrinsic capacity to enhance hepatic parenchymal regeneration and extracellular matrix remodeling. However, emerging evidence reveals their dual regulatory properties, whereby overactivation of these hepatokines paradoxically induces a pathological shift characterized by proinflammatory cascades, metabolic derangement potentiation, and tumor invasion and metastasis promotion. Specifically, we elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying their involvement in hepatitis progression, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease pathogenesis, and hepatocellular carcinoma tumorigenesis. Furthermore, we highlight their therapeutic potential in hepatic disease management, particularly emphasizing that targeting the FGL1/lymphocyte activation gene 3 immune checkpoint axis represents a novel paradigm in precision cancer immunotherapy.  \nKey Words: Fibrinogen superfamily; Liver injury; Hepatitis; Metabolic associated fatty liver disease; Hepatocellular carcinoma  \n©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.  \n WJEM  [https://www.wjgnet.com](https://www.wjgnet.com) 1 September 20, 2025  Volume 15  Issue 3   \nQu RH et al. FG superfamily proteins and liver diseases  \nCore Tip: In this article, we introduce three fibrinogen superfamily proteins: Fibrinogen, FG-like protein 1, and FG-like protein 2. We focus on their roles in liver injury, metabolic associated fatty liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as potential therapeutic approaches. This review aims to deepen the understanding of the relationship between the fibrinogen superfamily and liver diseases, providing new insights for the treatment of hepatic disorders.  \nCitation: Qu RH, Rong Y, Ni WZ, Huang XL, Chen YZ, Li HF. Fibrinogen superfamily proteins: Key regulators in hepatic disorders. World JExp Med 2025; 15(3): 106677  \nURL: [https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-315x/full/v15/i3/106677.htm](htt","cbCaibdN7jnzre5M","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibdN7jnzre5M","pdf",5763968,"English","# Core Tip\n# Introduction\n# Liver Diseases\n# Fibrinogen Superfamily Proteins","[{\"question\":\"Which FG superfamily proteins are emphasized in the review?\",\"answer\":\"The review focuses on fibrinogen (FG), FG-like protein 1 (FGL1), and FG-like protein 2 (FGL2). It also notes other fibrinogen-related proteins as part of the broader superfamily.\"},{\"question\":\"How do FG superfamily proteins influence liver disease progression?\",\"answer\":\"They act as hepatoprotective mediators by supporting hepatic regeneration and extracellular matrix remodeling. At the same time, emerging evidence indicates that overactivation can trigger proinflammatory cascades, worsen metabolic dysregulation, and promote tumor invasion and metastasis.\"},{\"question\":\"What therapeutic direction is highlighted for precision cancer immunotherapy?\",\"answer\":\"The review emphasizes targeting the FGL1/lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3) immune checkpoint axis as a novel paradigm for precision cancer immunotherapy in hepatic disease management.\"}]","Fibrinogen superfamily proteins: Key regulators in hepatic disorders - MiniReviews | PDF",1790746096,25]