[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-438155-105":3,"doc-detail-438155-en":79,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":97},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":72,"head_meta":74,"extra_data":76,"updated_unix":78},105,"en","ferulic-acid-alleviates-inflammation-and-promotes-osteogenic-differentiation-in-periodontitis-by-inhibiting-nf-b-pathway","Ferulic Acid Alleviates Inflammation and Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation in Periodontitis by Inhibiting NF-κB Pathway","","Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder that damages periodontal tissues and is driven by pathogen-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This study evaluates the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanism of ferulic acid (FA) in an in vitro model using human periodontal ligament stem cells treated with LPS and/or FA, with PMA used to activate the NF-κB pathway. Outcomes include proliferation (CCK-8), osteogenic differentiation (ALP, ARS), apoptosis (Annexin V-APC/PI), cytokines (ELISA), and protein expression (Western blot). FA suppresses NF-κB activation, reduces TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, elevates IL-10, and enhances osteogenic markers, while PMA reverses protection.",{"@graph":14,"@context":71},[15,34,54],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/ferulic-acid-alleviates-inflammation-and-promotes-osteogenic-differentiation-in-periodontitis-by-inhibiting-nf-b-pathway/438155/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":48,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":49,"interactionStatistic":50},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/ferulic-acid-alleviates-inflammation-and-promotes-osteogenic-differentiation-in-periodontitis-by-inhibiting-nf-b-pathway/438155.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"jayni","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":51,"interactionType":52,"userInteractionCount":30},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":53},"ViewAction",{"@type":55,"mainEntity":56},"FAQPage",[57,63,67],{"name":58,"@type":59,"acceptedAnswer":60},"How was the periodontitis model established in this study?","Question",{"text":61,"@type":62},"Human periodontal ligament stem cells were treated with 10 µg/mL LPS for 24 hours to generate an in vitro periodontitis model. Groups included control, LPS-treated, and LPS plus ferulic acid co-treatment.","Answer",{"name":64,"@type":59,"acceptedAnswer":65},"What assays were used to evaluate osteogenic differentiation and inflammation?",{"text":66,"@type":62},"Osteogenic differentiation was assessed using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red S (ARS) staining. Inflammatory cytokine secretion was measured by ELISA kits, while protein expression was analyzed by Western blot.",{"name":68,"@type":59,"acceptedAnswer":69},"Does ferulic acid’s protective effect depend on the NF-κB pathway?",{"text":70,"@type":62},"Yes. Ferulic acid inhibits NF-κB pathway activation and reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines while increasing IL-10 and osteogenic markers. When the NF-κB activator PMA is applied, these protective effects are reversed, indicating NF-κB signaling is central to its therapeutic efficacy.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":73,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":75,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":77,"site_id":7},438155,1790718341,{"code":4,"msg":80,"data":81},"success",{"doc_id":77,"user_id":82,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":83,"doc_module":4,"category_id":84,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":85,"file_id":86,"file_url":87,"file_type":88,"file_size":89,"view_count":30,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":90,"language":91,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":92,"faqs":93,"seo_title":94,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":95,"read_time":96},3985747859343,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c",8,"Wiley  \nStem Cells International  \nVolume 2025, Article ID 1891956, 11 pages [https://doi.org/10.1155/sci/1891956](https://doi.org/10.1155/sci/1891956)  \nResearch Article  \nFerulic Acid Alleviates Inflammation and Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation in Periodontitis by Inhibiting NF-κB Pathway  \nQiao Wang , 1 Bo Feng ,2 and Yongzhi Gao 3  \n1Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China  \n2Department of Stomatology, Qiqihar Wuguan Hospital, Qiqihar 161006, China  \n3Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China  \nCorrespondence should be addressed to Yongzhi Gao; [gaoyz0452@qmu.edu.cn](gaoyz0452@qmu.edu.cn)  \nReceived 3 September 2025; Revised 29 October 2025; Accepted 6 November 2025  \nGuest Editor: Minghua Ren  \nCopyright © 2025 Qiao Wang et al. Stem Cells International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.  \nBackground: Periodontitis refers to a chronic inflammatory illness that induces the destruction of periodontal tissues and can be driven by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of pathogens. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory potential and underlying mechanisms of ferulic acid (FA) in periodontitis.  \nMethod: An in vitro periodontitis model was established by treating human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) with  \n10 µg/mL LPS for 24h. The experimental groups included a control group, an LPS-treated group, and an LPS +FA cotreatment group. In addition, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) treatment was used for nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway activation. Cell proliferation was evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) test, and osteogenic differentiation was measured by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red S (ARS) staining. Apoptosis was detected with flow cytometry utilizing Annexin V-APC/PI double staining. Protein expressions were measured by Western blot. Inflammatory cytokine secretion was measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits.  \nResult: This study uncovered that FA alleviates LPS-induced inflammatory responses in hPDLSCs, promoting cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. FA inhibits NF-κB pathway activation, reduces proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factoralpha [TNF-α], interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6), increases anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and upregulates osteogenic markers (runt-related transcription factor 2 [Runx2], type I collagen [COL1], osteopontin [OPN], osteocalcin [OCN]) . However, the protective effects of FA are reversed by the NF-κB activator PMA, indicating that its therapeutic efficacy primarily depends on NF-κB signaling regulation.  \nConclusion: This study evaluated FA’s effects on inflammation and osteogenic function in LPS-induced hPDLSCs, revealing its potential to alleviate periodontitis via NF-κB pathway inhibition and identifying a possible therapeutic target for periodontal disease.  \nKeywords: ferulic acid; inflammation; NF-κB pathway; osteogenic differentiation; periodontitis  \n1. Introduction  \nPeriodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease linked to dental plaque accumulation, characterized by progressive loss of tooth-supporting structures, encompassing the alveolar bone and periodontal ligament [1, 2] . Clinically, the disease presents with gingival inflammation, loss of periodontal attachment and alveolar bone, tooth mobility and loss, pathological tooth  \nmigration, deep probing depths, and bleeding upon probing [3, 4], seriously affecting the chewing performance. Periodontitis pathogenesis is driven by the interplay among microbial pathogens, host immune responses, and environmental influences, such as food residue and smoking [5]. These periodontal pathogens (like Tannerella forsythia, Treponema dentic","cbCaic3bpTIAZedT","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaic3bpTIAZedT","pdf",10537226,11,"English","# Introduction\n## Periodontitis background and current treatments\n## Ferulic acid properties and therapeutic rationale\n# Methods\n## Cell model and experimental groups\n## Assays for proliferation, osteogenesis, apoptosis, cytokines, and proteins\n# Results\n## FA effects on inflammatory responses and osteogenic differentiation\n## NF-κB dependence using PMA activation\n# Conclusion","[{\"question\":\"How was the periodontitis model established in this study?\",\"answer\":\"Human periodontal ligament stem cells were treated with 10 µg/mL LPS for 24 hours to generate an in vitro periodontitis model. Groups included control, LPS-treated, and LPS plus ferulic acid co-treatment.\"},{\"question\":\"What assays were used to evaluate osteogenic differentiation and inflammation?\",\"answer\":\"Osteogenic differentiation was assessed using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red S (ARS) staining. Inflammatory cytokine secretion was measured by ELISA kits, while protein expression was analyzed by Western blot.\"},{\"question\":\"Does ferulic acid’s protective effect depend on the NF-κB pathway?\",\"answer\":\"Yes. Ferulic acid inhibits NF-κB pathway activation and reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines while increasing IL-10 and osteogenic markers. When the NF-κB activator PMA is applied, these protective effects are reversed, indicating NF-κB signaling is central to its therapeutic efficacy.\"}]","Ferulic Acid Alleviates Inflammation and Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation in Periodontitis by Inhibiting NF-κB Pathway | PDF",1790684442,28,{"code":4,"msg":80,"data":98},[99,103,107,111,116,121,126,129,134,137,141],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":100,"show_sort_weight":101,"slug":102},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":104,"show_sort_weight":105,"slug":106},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":113,"show_sort_weight":114,"slug":115},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":118,"show_sort_weight":119,"slug":120},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":122,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":123,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":125},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":84,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":128},30,"research-report",{"id":130,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":131,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":133},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":135,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":136},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":138,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":139,"show_sort_weight":138,"slug":140},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":142,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":143,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":144},19,"General","general"]