[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-526222-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-526222-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","fertility-pregnancy-and-lactation-in-women-with-systemic-lupus-erythematosus","Fertility, pregnancy and lactation in women with systemic lupus erythematosus","","Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disproportionately affects women of childbearing age, and rising prevalence plus improved survival have increased the number of women with SLE who become pregnant. Although pregnancy is feasible with well-controlled disease, maternal complications and adverse fetal outcomes are higher than in the general population, and elevated risks persist across subsequent pregnancies. Disease flares and complications remain likely during pregnancy and postpartum, especially with active disease at conception, lupus nephritis, antiphospholipid syndrome, or recent medication withdrawal. Key gaps remain on mechanisms and treatment safety across conception, pregnancy, and lactation, making preconception counseling, risk assessment, planning, timely medication adjustment, and multidisciplinary management essential.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/fertility-pregnancy-and-lactation-in-women-with-systemic-lupus-erythematosus/526222/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/fertility-pregnancy-and-lactation-in-women-with-systemic-lupus-erythematosus/526222.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Nguyễn Văn Học","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-08",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",7,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"Why does pregnancy in women with SLE carry higher risks than in the general population?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Pregnancy is associated with higher rates of maternal complications and adverse fetal outcomes. The risk of pregnancy complications also persists across subsequent pregnancies in women with SLE.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"Which factors at conception increase the likelihood of flares and pregnancy complications?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Higher risk is noted particularly with active disease at conception, a history of lupus nephritis, antiphospholipid syndrome, or recent medication withdrawal.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What strategies are described as essential to improve maternal and fetal outcomes in women with SLE?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Preconception counselling, assessment of risk factors, pregnancy planning, timely medication adjustment, and multidisciplinary management with shared decision-making are emphasized.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},526222,1792203878,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,109,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},40,"healthcare",{"id":110,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":55,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},1374402739827,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/14000c97e7351f1a627?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1787885694763230660","| nature reviews rheumatology | [https://doi.org/10.1038/s41584-026-01366-6](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41584-026-01366-6) |\n| --- | --- |\n| Review article |  Check for updates |\n\nFertility, pregnancy and lactation in women with systemic lupus erythematosus  \nIrene E. M. Bultink  1,2,3 , Wendy Dankers1,2,3,4, Marjon A. de Boer  3,5 & Karen Schreiber6,7,8  \nAbstract  \nSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is achronic autoimmune disease that predominantly affects women of childbearing age. Asthe prevalence ofSLE rises, and advances since the 1960shave substantially improved survival and quality of life, the number of women with SLEwho become pregnant is steadily increasing. Although pregnancy is feasible formost patients with well-controlled SLE, pregnancy remains challenging for both women with SLE and clinicians because the risk of maternal complications and adverse fetal outcomes is higher than that in the general population. Moreover, the increased risk of pregnancy complications persistsin subsequent pregnancies in women with SLE, whereas in healthy women this risk decreases owing to the development of maternal–fetal immune tolerance. During pregnancy and the postpartum period, women remain at risk of disease flaresand other complications, particularly those with active disease at conception, a history of lupus nephritis, antiphospholipid syndrome or recent medication withdrawal. Important knowledge gaps persist regarding the mechanisms underlying these complications and the safety of treatment during conception, pregnancy and lactation. Preconception counselling, assessment of risk factors for adverse outcomes, pregnancy planning, timely medication adjustment and multidisciplinary management are essential to improve the maternal and fetal outcomesin women with SLE.  \n1Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands. 2Amsterdam institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, Netherlands. 3Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands. 4Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands. 5Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands. 6Danish Centre for Expertise in Rheumatology (CeViG), Danish Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Sønderborg, Denmark. 7Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. 8Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Guy’s and St. Thomas NHS Foundation Trust London, London, UK. e-mail: [iem.bultink@amsterdamumc.nl](iem.bultink@amsterdamumc.nl)  \nSections  \n\n| Introduction |\n| --- |\n| Fertility |\n| The impact of pregnancy on SLE |\n| The impact ofSLE\u003Cbr>on pregnancy |\n| Pathophysiology of pregnancy complications inSLE |\n| Preconception counselling |\n| Management during pregnancy |\n| Lactation |\n| Future research directions |\n| Conclusions |\n\nNature Reviews Rheumatology  \nReview article  \nKey points  \n\n| • In women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), pregnancy is associated with higher risks of maternal complications and adverse fetal outcomes than in women in the general population. |\n| --- |\n| • Fertility in women with SLE might be reduced owing to disease activity, renal failure, cyclophosphamide exposure, age-related decline in ovarian reserve and lifestyle factors. |\n| • Achieving ≥6–12 months of inactive SLE on pregnancy-compatible medication before conception reduces the risks of disease flare and pregnancy complications. |\n| • Preconception counselling, pregnancy planning, adjustment of medication, multidisciplinary management and shared decision-making are central to achieving safe pregnancies in women with SLE. |\n| • Elucidating the pathogenesis of pregnancy complications in women with SLE is crucial for improving maternal and fetal outcomes. |\n| • Important gaps persist regarding the safety of antirheumatic medication use during conception, pregnancy and lactation, and so further research is required. |\n\nIntroduction  \nSy","cbCaiiYo3ade9icg","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiiYo3ade9icg","pdf",1679856,17,"English","# Introduction\n## Fertility\n## The impact of pregnancy on SLE\n## The impact of SLE on pregnancy\n## Pathophysiology of pregnancy complications in SLE\n## Preconception counselling\n## Management during pregnancy\n## Lactation\n## Future research directions\n## Conclusions","[{\"question\":\"Why does pregnancy in women with SLE carry higher risks than in the general population?\",\"answer\":\"Pregnancy is associated with higher rates of maternal complications and adverse fetal outcomes. The risk of pregnancy complications also persists across subsequent pregnancies in women with SLE.\"},{\"question\":\"Which factors at conception increase the likelihood of flares and pregnancy complications?\",\"answer\":\"Higher risk is noted particularly with active disease at conception, a history of lupus nephritis, antiphospholipid syndrome, or recent medication withdrawal.\"},{\"question\":\"What strategies are described as essential to improve maternal and fetal outcomes in women with SLE?\",\"answer\":\"Preconception counselling, assessment of risk factors, pregnancy planning, timely medication adjustment, and multidisciplinary management with shared decision-making are emphasized.\"}]","Fertility, pregnancy and lactation in women with systemic lupus erythematosus | PDF",1791496001,43]