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Drawing on historical materials and research across Egypt and the West, the study traces the rise of feminist consciousness, the development of feminist movements, and widening networks including Arab feminism. Chapters follow public space, citizenship, education, family reform, and women’s labor, with extensive notes, bibliography, and index.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/feminists-islam-and-nation-gender-and-the-making-of-modern-egypt/319299/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/feminists-islam-and-nation-gender-and-the-making-of-modern-egypt/319299.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Riley","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-12","2026-09-20",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",15,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What central relationship does the book analyze?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The book analyzes the connections between feminism, Islam, and the making of the modern Egyptian nation through the historical construction of gender.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How is the book structured?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"It is organized into an introduction and three parts, covering the rise of feminist consciousness, the feminist movement, and a widening circle that includes Arab feminism.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Which topics appear in the chapter titles?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Topics include public space, thinking gender, citizenship and suffrage, education, reforming the family, women’s work, and traffic in women.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},319299,1790578805,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146,"preview_page_count":4},1374391975076,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/14000253ca4ec9f6853?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1783305029341752051","Feminists, Islam, and Nation  \nFeminists, Islam, and Nation GENDER AND THE MAKING OF  \nMODERN EGYPT  \n• MARGOT BADRAN •  \nP R I N C E T O N U N I V E R S I T Y P R E S S  \nP R I N C E T O N , N E W J E R S E Y  \nCopyright © 1995 by Princeton University Press Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, Chichester, West Sussex  \nAll Rights Reserved  \nLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data  \nBadran, Margot Feminists, Islam, and nation : gender and the making of modern Egypt / Margot Badran.  \n[p. cm](p. cm).  \nIncludes bibliographical references and index.  \nISBN 0-691-03706-X  \n1. Feminism—Egypt—History. 2. Women—Egypt—History.  \n3. Muslim women—Egypt—History. I. Title.  \nHQ1793.B33 1994  \n305.42′0962—dc20 94-19055 CIP  \nThis book has been composed in Laser Sabon  \nPrinceton University Press books are printed on acid-free paper and meet the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources  \nPrinted in the United States of America  \n1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2  \nMARGARET WOODS FARRANTO  \n• •  \nJOSEPH DOMINIC FARRANTO  \n•  \nC  \nO  \nN  \nT  \nE  \nN  \nT  \nS  \n•  \nPREFACE ix  \nNOTE ON TRANSLITERATION AND TRANSLATION xiii  \nABBREVIATIONS xv INTRODUCTION 3  \nPART ONE: RISING FEMINIST CONSCIOUSNESS 29  \nCHAPTER 1  \nTwo Lives in Changing Worlds 31  \nCHAPTER 2  \nClaiming Public Space 47  \nCHAPTER 3  \nThinking Gender 61  \nCHAPTER 4  \nEgypt for Which Egyptians? 74  \nPART TWO: THE FEMINIST MOVEMENT 89  \nCHAPTER 5  \nThe House of the Woman 91  \nCHAPTER 6  \nCity Sisters, Country Sisters 111  \nCHAPTER 7  \nRecasting the Family 124  \nCHAPTER 8  \nEducating the Nation 142  \nCHAPTER 9  \nWomen Have Always Worked 165  \nCHAPTER 10  \nTraffic in Women 192  \nCHAPTER 11  \nSuffrage and Citizenship 207  \nviii • C O N T E N T S •  \nPART THREE: THE WIDENING CIRCLE 221  \nCHAPTER 12  \nArab Feminism 223  \nNOTES 251  \nBIBLIOGRAPHY 317  \nINDEX 339  \n• P R E F A C E •  \nI FIRST HEARD of Huda Sha‹rawi when a fellow American graduate student suggested I study her. Who was Huda Sha‹rawi, I silently wondered. He confessed that he too had never heard of her until he moved into a flat on Huda Sha‹rawi Street in the center of Cairo. After making inquiries he discovered that she had led the first feminist movement in Egypt early in this century. I instantly became interested. This was in the 1960s, when“women’s history” had scarcely been imagined. I had no idea how to go about researching this feminist leader except by “asking around,” as one would seek out a lost friend. One day I met two women who had been close to Huda Sha‹rawi: her lifelong feminist associate Saiza Nabarawi and her niece Hawwa› Idris, also a committed feminist. They became the first women in a long chain who over the months and years led me to far corners of Cairo, to Alexandria, to Minya, and beyond Egypt. These many women unlocked their memories, shared their personal papers, and opened up their private libraries to me.  \nNewly armed with names of women writers and titles of books, I marched to the old Dar al-Kutub in Port Sa‹id Street where I discovered a cache of women’s magazines and newspapers from the 1890s. At al-Azhar, where I was studying Arabic, I borrowed books on women and Islam and debated at great length with my teacher, Shaykh Yahiya Hashim. A few years later I began graduate studies at Oxford University where I continued my historical investigation of Egyptian feminism under the supervision of Albert Hourani, writing a dissertation entitled “Huda Sha‹rawi and the Liberation of the Egyptian Woman.” By this time women’s studies and women’s history were taking shape as disciplines, and I eagerly plunged deeper and deeper into more research, continually thinking and rethinking Egyptian feminism as I moved between Egypt and the West. Earlier fruits of this labor have appeared in two books and numerous articles I ","cbCaii5iCYPejn2H","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaii5iCYPejn2H","pdf",1651938,371,"English","# Preface\n## First heard of Huda Sha‹rawi and early research journey\n# Note on Transliteration and Translation\n# Abbreviations\n# Introduction\n# Part One: Rising Feminist Consciousness\n## Two Lives in Changing Worlds\n## Claiming Public Space\n## Thinking Gender\n## Egypt for Which Egyptians?\n# Part Two: The Feminist Movement\n## The House of the Woman\n## City Sisters, Country Sisters\n## Recasting the Family\n## Educating the Nation\n## Women Have Always Worked\n## Traffic in Women\n## Suffrage and Citizenship\n# Part Three: The Widening Circle\n## Arab Feminism\n# Notes\n# Bibliography\n# Index","[{\"question\":\"What central relationship does the book analyze?\",\"answer\":\"The book analyzes the connections between feminism, Islam, and the making of the modern Egyptian nation through the historical construction of gender.\"},{\"question\":\"How is the book structured?\",\"answer\":\"It is organized into an introduction and three parts, covering the rise of feminist consciousness, the feminist movement, and a widening circle that includes Arab feminism.\"},{\"question\":\"Which topics appear in the chapter titles?\",\"answer\":\"Topics include public space, thinking gender, citizenship and suffrage, education, reforming the family, women’s work, and traffic in women.\"}]","Feminists, Islam, and Nation - Gender and the Making of Modern Egypt | PDF",1789942514,935]